Background: Mammography is one of the best methods to screen breast cancer. Because mammography screening is not entirely under the control of the person, the study of perceived behavioral control (PBC) is valuable in this regard. Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate PBC in mammography in women in Khorramabad, Lorestan province, Iran (550 kilometers north of Persian Gulf). Methods: In this qualitative study conducted using semi-structured and in-depth interviews, 22 women, a gynecologist, and a general surgeon were interviewed purposively. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed, using the directed qualitative content analysis. The MAXQDA10 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Two categories, namely facilitators and barriers to mammography screening and 5 subcategories, namely individual facilitators, social facilitators, psychosocial barriers, barriers related to mammography technique, and structural barriers were drawn from the data. Individual facilitators included having faith and heart belief in God (Faith in God was a comfort for the participants and the acceptance of God's favor), family support, and follow-up; the only social facilitator drawn was respecting the rights of the referring people; psychosocial barriers were embarrassment, fear of breast cancer diagnosis, and belief in fate; the barriers related to mammography technique were radiation and painful mammography and lack of insurance; and high costs and long wait in public mammography centers were drawn as structural barriers. Conclusions:The results of this study provided useful information about the experiences regarding mammography. Psychological barriers may be reduced by changing women's knowledge and attitudes toward mammography, as well as by changing the national health system infrastructure. It is also recommended to strengthen cultural and religious beliefs along with holding training programs regarding mammography performing.
BackgroundMenarche is an independent puberty event in a girl’s life, and is associated with physical growth, ability in marriage and fertility. Therefore, poor menstrual health can be a major determinant of morbidity, as well as physical, mental and social problems in this age group.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the effective factors on menstrual health among female students in Bam city.MethodsThe qualitative study was conducted using content analysis approach in 2017. The participants were 32 individuals consisting of 13 students, 10 mothers of the same students, 9 school associates and health educators of 5 secondary schools in Bam city, who were selected based on an objective-oriented approach. The sampling was done until data saturation. Data collection methods were semi-structured and in-depth interview. Data analysis was performed using the steps suggested by Graneheim and Landman.ResultsThere were two categories (easy interaction and inappropriate adaptation to changes in health behavior), 13 sub-categories and 52 initial codes. The positive factors included easy access to sanitary pads, appropriate school education, easy access to health and therapeutic services and school flexibility on menstrual issues, while the negative factors included inadequate facilities for sanitary pad disposal, lack of access to informed people about menstrual issues, insufficient attention to menstrual problems, feeling ashamed, the high cost of menstrual health, self-medication with traditional medicines, inadequate self-directed education, lack of awareness and trust in health center staff, and following family and teachers in menstrual problems.ConclusionOverall, this study indicated that economic, social, cultural and educational factors affect menstrual health. Therefore, the identification of each of these factors helps planners to apply the most appropriate methods and strategies for menstrual health improvement.
Background: Correct triage is one of the most important issues in delivering proper healthcare in the emergency department. Despite the availability of various triage guidelines, triage is not still appropriately implemented. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the role of different underlying factors in triaging emergency patients through a qualitative approach. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by conventional content analysis. For this purpose, 30 interviews were conducted with 25 participants. The participants included triage nurses, emergency general physicians, emergency medicine specialists, and expert managers at different position rankings in hospitals and educational and administrative centers in Yazd, selected by purposeful sampling. Data were collected through in-depth and unstructured interviews from April 2017 to January 2018, and then analyzed by inductive content analysis. Results: Four categories of profit triage, exhibitive triage, enigmatic, and tentative performance triage were drawn from the data, collectively comprising the main theme of responsibility-evading performance. Conclusions: The dominant approach to the triage in the emergency departments in a central city of Iran is responsibility evasion; however, the triage is performed tentatively, especially in critical cases. To achieve a better implementation of triage, consideration of the underlying factors and prevention of their involvement in triage decision-making is necessary.
Objective: Hospitals are expected to be able to provide quality services during disasters. However, hospital capacity is limited and most hospital beds are almost always occupied. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of increasing hospital surge capacity during disasters through identification of patients suitable for safe early discharge. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to February 2018 in two phases. In phase I, the Early Discharge Checklist was developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. Then in phase II, the checklist was used to assess the dischargeability of 396 in-patients in general wards of hospitals in Alborz province, Iran. Data were analyzed through the SPSS software (v. 22.0) and the results were presented by descriptive and analytical statics at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Of 396 patients, (64.65%) were male, (68.9%) were married, and (38.6%) aged more than 54. Moreover, (34.6%) patients were dischargeable. Patients in cardiology wards were more dischargeable. At follow-up assessment, 33.3% of patients had been discharged after 48 hours. There was a significant relationship between patient dischargeability and 48-hour hospitalization status ( p =0.001). Dischargeability had no significant relationships with patients’ demographic characteristics ( p >0.05). Conclusion: A considerable percentage of in-patients are dischargeable during disasters. The Early Discharge Assessment Checklist, developed in this study, is an appropriate tool to provide reliable data about early dischargeability in disasters.
Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy ... [19] Attitudes, personality ... [20] Determinants of breast self-examination performance ... [21] The effect of instruction on students' knowledge ... [22] Statistical power analysis jbr the ... [23] Effects of a randomized controlled trial ... [24] The effect of training on the knowledge levels ... [25] Predictors of mammography based on health belief ... [26] Change in breast cancer screening knowledge ... [27] Effect of health education methods on promoting ... [28] Effect of education based on the health ... [29] Cancer screening in native Americans ... [30] Predictors of regular mammography use among ... [31] Using the theory of planned behavior ... [32] Assessment of effectiveness of an educational ... [33] The theory of planned ... [34] The impact of educational intervention ... [35] Changing attitude, subjective norm, perceived ... [36] Application of planned behavior theory in predicting ... [37] Effectiveness of cultivando la salud: A breast ... [38] Increasing screening mammography among predominantly ... Aims Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in Asia, including Iran.Mammography is used for the early detection of breast cancer for about 73% of cases. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on mammography among women referring to health centers using planned behavior theory.Materials & Methods This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 140 women referring to Health Centers in Khorramabad in 2018 who were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Data collection tools consisted of a demographic information questionnaire, knowledge, and researcher-made questionnaire based on the TPB structures. The intervention was held in four 45 minute sessions for four weeks. Both groups completed the questionnaires before and three months after the intervention. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23 software using chi-square, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Findings After the educational intervention, Mean±SD constructs of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and the behavioral intention was 10.97±5.07, 41.24±3.44, 26.54±5.3, 47.36±3.91, and 8.87±2.78, respectively. All the mentioned constructs were statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the rate and percentage of mammography in women in the experimental group (31=44.3%) compared to the control group (3= 4.3%) was significantly different (p<0.001). ConclusionThe present study's findings confirmed the effectiveness of an educational program based on the TPB in promoting mammography.
Achievement of a positive identity and its transition to adulthood is the most important task of the adolescent era. This cross-sectional explanatory mixed-method study sought to better understand barriers to identity development in female adolescents in Iran by explaining their own experiences and using a Positive Youth Development model as a framework. A total of 573 female secondaryschool students were recruited through multistage sampling and were asked to complete the questionnaire of Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). Positive identity in DAP consists of four assets (personal power, self-esteem, a positive view of the personal future, and sense of purpose).Quantitative data analysis showed that among above mentioned four assets, personal power and self-esteem gained lower scores. A qualitative study held six individual interviews and two focused-group discussions were conducted to explain the barriers to personal power and selfesteem. Results showed that considering personal power, there were two categories as follows: (1) barriers to a sense of control over life and future (subcategories: being limited by failures, deprivation of liberty, and dissatisfaction from being excessively controlled by parents). (2) Barriers to
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