Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the different effects of second home tourism development and its comparative analysis from the view of owners and residents in Shirin- Dareh Region of Iran. Design/methodology/approach – Applied methodology is based on empirical studies and descriptive-analytical methods. In order to do this, seven rural areas were selected with 1,188 households as the volume of sample society by Cochran formula, and 218 questionnaires were distributed between them in two groups of owners and residents. Findings – There is a strong correlation between second home tourism development and changes in social, economic, physical and environmental dimensions. The impact of the variable of the second home tourism development on changes in rural life was approximately 0.449 which reveals the average impact of second home tourism in the study area. Investments by none-indigenous with a co-efficient of 41.8 per cent have had the greatest role in different changes in rural life. Research limitations/implications – The generalizability of results to other countries is limited. Practical implications – This study and studies similar to it have led to adopted comprehensive approaches to tourism and second homes in Iran and other Third World countries. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature by including socio-economic variables in the domestic tourism and second home model. So this paper has a new subject and in practical aspects it tries to take a general solution to second home tourism on rural settlements development in Iran.
Today, for a variety of reasons, communities create brands. One of the most important reason for creating tourism brands is to make a location seem attractive for tourists and encourage them to spend more time in an area and raise the residents' standards of living. In this study, the factors affecting the formation of a rural tourism brand are examined from the perspective of experts and university professors. This study is an applied research conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. A major part of the data were collected through field studies, interviews, and filling out questionnaires by 30 experts active in the area together with 42 rural managers. The findings of the study based on the results of fuzzy hierarchical analysis showed that among the three factors, the economic factors with impact coefficient of 54.6 % had the highest effect, and physical-environmental factors with the impact coefficient of 16.7% had the lowest impact on creating rural tourism brand. There was a little difference between the results acquired from the experts of the organizations and the academics about the impact of the above factors. With the aim of identifying villages suitable for creating tourism brand, we applied TOPSIS technique, and proposed Jagharq village as the most appropriate rural area for creating rural tourism brand. We also identified 10 other rural areas as capable of creating tourism brands. According to the findings, the following guidelines are recommended: to introduce and advertise certain products of the rural areas in urban areas, to pay special attention to entrepreneurship in rural areas, to provide tourism facilities in rural areas, to restore cultural elements, and to give special attention to restoration of past cultural elements, customs and traditions.
Assessment of social impacts of large-scale developmental projects is one of the major issues in their planning and implementation. In this regard, this study investigates the social impacts of the Parkandabad sewage treatment project around Mashhad City, Iran. Methods: For this purpose, Finsterbusch 12 indices with 43 elements were used. In the next step, 1-sample t test with a standard score of 3 (as the acceptable standard level) was used at a significant level less than 0.05. Results: The results showed that the health and safety indexes with an average of 2.11 and aesthetics with 2.47 are in an inappropriate state, and should be considered because they are directly related to the body and mental state of humans. Some indicators (noise, facilities, communities, and utilization) were acceptable, as long as their status be improved. Several indicators (population, employment, structure, leisure, and reaction) appear to be in relatively favorable status, but this situation is due to various factors, including economic poverty in the region. Conclusion: Finally, the desirable condition of the spatial displacement index and the change of pace of life with the average of 5.19 seems to indicate a proper living conditions, but it is not the real case. This issue is proved by a high standard deviation among respondents; i.e. inappropriate financial conditions prevent population migration and as soon as the economic condition changes, they do not stay in the current location anymore. Based on the total points of the indexes, it became clear that the Frisian village has the worst condition and Khin-e Arab the best status.
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