Objective: To assess the frequency of skin & mucosal manifestations in dengue fever patients. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Patients admitted in dermatology & medicine departments of Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore were included in the study. Method of study: This cross-sectional study was conducted in departments of dermatology & medicine at Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore for a period of 3 months from Separation 3021 till December 2021. After taking consent a total of 60 patients of suspected dengue fever were enrolled for this study. Their demographic data was noted down with skin & mucosal findings in a predesigned performa. Their frequencies were calculated & analysed in SPSS version 11. Results: Out of 60 patients, 38 patients (63.3%) were males & 22 patients (36.6%) were females. Mean age of patients was 35.20 years. 13 patients (21.6%) had no skin findings and 47 patients (78.4%) had skin findings. The commonest skin finding was pruritus present in 24 patients (40%), followed by facial flushing in 15 patients (25%). Petechial rash and burning sensation were found in 7 patients (11.6%). Among the mucosal findings, eye involvement was the commonest present in 15 patients (25%). Conclusion: Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations are an important part of dengue fever. These findings also help in assessing the disease progress. Key words: Dengue fever, cutaneous manifestations.

Background: Blood transfusion is an essential lifesaving treatment. The unsafe blood transfusion practices are one of the reasons of spreading transfusion-transmissible infections among individuals. It is necessary to screen the all donated blood units for HBV, HCV, HIV, VDRL, and MP. Aims: This aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of transfusion-transmissible infectious diseases caused by blood transfusions among donors. Materials & Methodology: It was a prospective observational study which included the 9114 blood donors who attended the Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore from January 2020 to September 2022. The informed consent was taken from all blood donors. 3-5 ml of venous sample was drawn by using aseptic technique from blood donors on enrollment. Screening of blood donors was done by Chemiluminescence immunoassay (Maglumi-800) for HBV, HCV, HIV and VDRL. The MP was confirmed by peripheral blood picture on slide. According to the automation kit manufacturer’s guidelines, cut-off value for reporting positive results of HBV, HCV, HIV and VDRL was calculated. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The mean age was 27.79 + 12.1 years. The numbers of volunteer and replacement donors were 961 (10.54%) and 8153 (89.45%) respectively. The total numbers of positive donors for transfusion transmissible infectious diseases were 591/9114 (6.49%). The seropositivity was found to be 170/9114 (1.86%) for HBV, 324/9114 (3.55%) for HCV, 33/9114 (0.36%) for HIV, 64/9114 (0.70%) for VDRL, and 0/9114 (0.0%) for MP respectively. Conclusion: There is currently a low risk of transfusion transmissible infectious diseases but the availability of safe blood is contingent on screening tests and appropriate donor selection.  

Objective: To accomplish a multidisciplinary systematic review of the various aspects of dental pulp tissue engineering, its myriad protocols, inclusive of adjuvant surgeries and at the end this review will summarize the testing methodologies of pulp vitality. Methods:  Research was conducted at Army Medical college, NUMS and HITECH Dental college, Taxilla. Literature of the previous 2 years was searched up to January 2020 on PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Science direct. The key words employed were “revitalization, revascularization, dental pulp and regeneration ” Result & Conclusion: Current strategies of pulpal regeneration have shown commendable success. Histological analysis of clinical trials is essential to ensure confirmatory evidence of quality of revitalization. The impact of oral factors and a long term follow up in these case is still required to produce a definitive understanding. Continuous...

Escherichia coli, a gram negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating rod, bacteria are commonly found in lower intestine as a part of the normal flora of gut in all warm blooded organisms. Most E. coli strains provide many beneficial functions including protection from other pathogenic bacteria. When E. coli strains acquire genetic material from others, they can become pathogenic. E. coli strains can be categorized into 5 principal pathogenicity groups; Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Enterotoxogenic E. coli (ETEC) and Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). All these strains can cause diarrhea, gastrointestinal infections, urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis and other illnesses in humans as well as in animals. EHEC O157 is identified readily in the clinical laboratory with standard culturing techniques. All other strain need molecular methods for their presence in any infected materials. In this study we isolated a total of 40 cultures and detected different strains of E. coli from humans and birds (water fowls). In all isolates antibiotic sensitivity by disc diffusion method with genetic characterization within the E. coli. The result shows that all human E. coli were resistant to 3 antibiotics (Ampicillin, Co-Trimoxazole, and Cefuroxime), while birds E. coli strains are sensitive to these antibiotics indicates different genomic lineage. In human isolates EHEC has highest share, however it was not significantly placed. In correlation studies (Pearson's Correlation) indicates that its significance to the use of only chloramphenicol (p=0.044). ANOVA as well as Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients show that there is no association with any of the drugs that could be useful for their treatment. In could be concluded from the antibiotic profile, distribution pattern that the two groups are epidemiologically are different. Furthermore, it appears that birds don't contribute to the spread of disease in humans/animals.

Introduction: Anemia is the one of the most widespread disorder all across the world characterized by low haemoglobin levels in blood causing reduced oxygenation of red blood cells and consequently producing symptoms such as lethargy, malaise and shortness of breath according to its severity. Thrombocytosis is a condition in which the number of platelets is increased and it can be identified by same methods which we use for te diagnosis of anemia.  In previous studies, it has been found that thrombocytosis is associated with mild, moderate and severe forms of anemia. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the patients with anemia who were less than 18 years old were included. Samples were collected from the outdoor and indoor patients of  Akhter Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore, who were not treated with any therapy to cure anaemia. About 2-3 ml of venous blood was drawn and sent to laboratory for CBC. Data regarding the MCV, MCH, and platelet count was collected on structured performa. Result: From total 224 patients, 64.73% were males, and 35.27% were females. Statistically, the p-value showed a significant association between all age groups [first (p =0.001), second (p =0.001), third (p =0.001), and fourth (p =0.001)], and genders [males (p =0.001), and females (p =0.001)] with all (mild, moderate and severe) anemias. The prevalence of thrombocytosis in iron deficiency anemia patients was 23.57%. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the patients having iron deficiency anemia can also be affected with thrombocytosis.  

Aim: To measure levels of VWF and ADAMTS-13 in patients of ischemic stroke and healthy controls. Method: Blood samples of forty five patients and forty five controls of age 30-65 years were taken from medical or neurology wards of Lahore General Hospital. VWF antigen assay was determined by Immuno-Turbidimetric method and quantitative ADAMTS-13 antigen assay was measured by ELISA. Results: The mean level of plasma VWF antigen of controls was 114.0±49.7% and mean plasma level of VWF antigen in patients was 137.0±54.3%. The mean plasma VWF antigen level was significantly elevated among patients as compared to controls (p=0.011). The mean ADAMTS-13 antigen level of controls was 151.7± 87.9 U/L and mean ADAMTS-13 antigen level of patients was 107.9±106.7 U/L. Our study also found that mean ADAMTS-13 was significantly lower in patients as compared to controls (p=0.018). Conclusion: In conclusion, Vwf and ADAMTS-13 antigen assays have an important role in pathogenesis of clot formation in patients of ischemic stroke. Keywords: Low ADAMTS, ischemic stroke, high WWF

Objective: To accomplish a multidisciplinary systematic review of the various aspects of dental pulp tissue engineering, its myriad protocols, inclusive of adjuvant surgeries and at the end this review will summarize the testing methodologies of pulp vitality. Methods:  Research was conducted at Army Medical college, NUMS and HITECH Dental college, Taxilla. Literature of the previous 2 years was searched up to January 2020 on PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Science direct. The key words employed were “revitalization, revascularization, dental pulp and regeneration ” Result & Conclusion: Current strategies of pulpal regeneration have shown commendable success. Histological analysis of clinical trials is essential to ensure confirmatory evidence of quality of revitalization. The impact of oral factors and a long term follow up in these case is still required to produce a definitive understanding. Continuous...