The B-Lactam antibiotics have been suggested to have some degree of neurotoxicity in experimental animals as well as in clinical situations. This study has been elucidated the alteration in hippocampal and cerebellum function following adolescent imipenem exposure in male and female rats. Hippocampus and cerebellum related behavioral dysfunction in imipenem -treated [intraperitoneally, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day for one week from 23-day-old] rats were analyzed using explorative, motor function, learning and memory tasks [grasping, rotarod, open field shuttle box and Morris water maze tests]. Exposure to imipenem especially in high dosage impaired the motor coordination in male and female rats. There weren't any differences in grasping time in male and female rats. When the rearing and grooming frequency of their recorded in open field test, both males and females were dramatically affected by exposure to imipenem. Compared to the saline, male and female rats trained one week after imipenem injection showed significant memory deficits in the shuttle box and Morris water maze tests. Results in this study suggested that animals treated with imipenem suffer from motor activity and cognitive impairment. However, hippocampal and cerebellum functions of male and female rats were profoundly affected by exposure to imipenem while no sex-differences in the most variable were evident.
Toluene is a colorless and flammab1le liquid with the same solubilizing capacity as benzene that is in many cases used as an alternative to benzene, because of the uncertainty of being carcinogens. Workers can be exposed to toluene by breathing the chemical. To avoid inhalation and dermal effects caused by exposure to toluene, solutions such as adsorption, thermal oxidation, membrane separation and photocatalytic processes are applied. In this study, removal of toluene vapors with modified natural zeolite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles was discussed. The natural zeolite was modified using chemical and thermal methods. The samples characterized by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy tests. After stabilization of TiO2 nanoparticles, the removal efficiency for the toluene vapors at a concentration of 50, 150 and 300 ppm were evaluated using a dynamic system. The results showed that the zeolite has a very porous surface and after modifying the context its specific surface area increased 2.54 times. The results of the adsorption capacity calculation and photocatalytic process showed that modified zeolite samples-TiO2 bed has greater efficiency in the adsorption capacity and better photocatalytic activity than a Ze-TiO2 bed. Ze-TiO2 bed was able to remove 26% of toluene vapors at the concentration of 50 ppm and inlet flow rate of 1 L/m, which was 1.26 times more than a bed Ze-TiO2. According to the results of this study, while modifying the natural zeolite increased desirable properties such as specific surface area and Si/Al ratio, but in comparison with similar studies with synthetic bed such as zeolite Y and ZSM-5, could not achieve desired results in a photocatalytic activity for its application in industry. However, because of its abundance in the world and Iran and therefore low cost of preparation and also due to its unique characteristics, it is recommended that more studies to be done about modifying and its application in photocatalytic processes.
Background: Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are considered as major environmental contaminants that have a harmful effect on human and ecosystem health, so much effort has been focused on their removal. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of styrene by Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) after immobilization of nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) on it. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study and in order to produce styrene, clean dry air with a constant flow rate of 1 l/minute was pumped into an impinger containing styrene solution which resulted in the evaporation of styrene. Produced vapors entered into the mixing chamber to be mixed with clean air. Produced styrene with certain concentrations of 20, 100 and 300 ppm was sent to a reactor containing ZSM-5/ZnO bed to investigate the effectiveness of the bed in the elimination of styrene. Results: This study focused on removal of styrene using ZnO nanoparticles stabilized on ZSM-5 Zeolite. The highest removal efficiency of styrene was 47.5% in concentrations of 20 ppm. For concentrations of 100 and 300 ppm, the efficiency was 22% and 12.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Both adsorption and catalytic mechanisms can be effective in removal of pollutants in different conditions. Findings related to adsorption and removal of styrene also showed that coating ZnO nanoparticles on zeolite absorbent in presence of ultraviolet (UV) has increased the removal efficiency.
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