A hermetic seal of the root canal space following canal preparation is important in endodontics. This study evaluated the effect of canal curve on adaptation of gutta-percha to dentinal walls of canals obturated using the Herofill system. For this in vitro study, 80 mesial roots of mature human first molars with length of 16 mm, curve between 5°and 45°, and no caries or resorption of the root surface were selected. A cone beam computed tomography system was used to evaluate the presence or absence of a gap in the samples. Photographs were taken in three sections: 2 mm above the curve, at the curve and 2 mm below the curve. The gap area was identified using Photoshop and AutoCAD software. Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze the data mounted in a castcurve. There were significant differences between the two lateral condensation groups with various curves; roots with more curve had more gaps. When the Herofill and lateral condensation groups were compared without considering the sections and curve, there was a significant difference between these groups and the Herofill group had less gaps. The Herofill system is an alternative to the lateral condensation technique in severely curved canals. (J Oral Sci 53, 43-50, 2011)
Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management of a farm. The most important factor about plants and forage quality is growing stage which can help to identify the optimum time of harvest. As different varieties of plants have different harvest times and quality, in order to search the variety effect on forage yield and quality traits, three varieties of common millet (Panicum miliaceum), namely, KCM2, KCM7, and KCM9 in three phenological growth stages, including booting, milky, and seed maturity stages were studied. Experiments in factorial form were surveyed in Karaj district, Iran with three replications in the form of randomize complete blocks design in 2009. Except ash percentage, there were significant differences among three growth stages in other quality traits and forage yield (P < 0.01). Significant differences among varieties for dry and wet forage yield, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates, and acid detergent fiber percentage were also observed. However, interaction effect of variety and phenological growth stage were not significantly different on acid detergent fiber, crude fiber (CF), and ash percentages. Almost in all varieties, the amount of crude protein (CP) and DMD decreased during developing growth stages, while the amount of CP increased. KCM2 variety had the highest forage quality based on measurement indices and it was chosen as the best variety with regard to the most desirable forage yield. Booting stage (first phenological stage) was the most desirable in quality traits among the three growth stages. However, considering the little difference between the first and second stages in dietary energy, the second stage (milky stage) was recommended as the most suitable time for harvesting, because of high yield and compatibility of farm to plant.
Forced eruption can be performed in teeth with caries, fracture, resorption or perforation in the cervical third of the root or isolated teeth with one- or two-walled vertical periodontal defects. The purpose of this case report is to introduce an innovative orthodontic appliance which enables forced eruption. This appliance is easy to fabricate, cost-effective and very effective in forced eruption of non-restorable teeth.
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