Superhydrophobic surfaces are found in nature and possess several fascinating properties, including the ability to self-clean. A typical superhydrophobic surface has micro/nanostructure roughness and low surface energy, which combine to give it its unusual anti-wetting properties. Because of their unique capabilities, these surfaces have interested scientists in research and industry fields for years. In recent decades, researchers have developed a number of synthetic methods for producing novel superhydrophobic surfaces that mimic natural surfaces. These synthetic surfaces have been widely applied on different types of substrates for potential widespread, practical applications. This review article focuses on these advances in fabricating manmade superhydrophobic surfaces.

Methods for the efficient and affordable remediation of oil spills and chemical leaks are crucially needed in today's environment. In this study, we have developed a simple, magnetic, porous material based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and steel wool (SW) that can fulfill these needs. The PDMS-SW presented here is superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, and capable of absorbing and separating oils and organic solvents from water. The material is mechanically and chemically stable, even in salty environments, and can be magnetically guided. It exhibits good selectivity, recyclability, and sorption capacity, and can quickly and continuously absorb and remove large amounts of oils and organic solutions from stationary and turbulent water. In addition, PDMS-SW's inherently high porosity enables direct, gravity-driven oil-water separation with permeate flux as high as~32,000 L/m 2 •h and separation efficiency over 99%. The solution immersion process used to prepare the material is easily scalable and requires only a single step. Thus, with its demonstrated combination of affordability, efficiency, and ease of use, PDMS-SW has the potential to meet the demands of large-area oil and chemical clean-ups.

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In this study the structural and optical properties of pure and Sn doped films polyanilinehydrochloride (PANI) doped by Tin (Sn) with volumetric percentages (3, 6, and 9)%, which prepared by using the spin coating method on substrates of the glass at room temperature. The structural properties of the prepared films were studied by x-ray diffraction technique. The results illustrate amorphous structure .The atomic force microscope (AFM) diagnosis has led the doping process to decrease in the roughness of the surface and the average rate of the square root with the variation in particle size distribution. The study of the optical properties by measuring then absorption and transmission spectra as a function of wavelength (320-910) nm to the pure and doped film of PANI, the results showed that the transmittance decreased with increasing doping due to the increase in the impurity resulted which makes attenuation in the intensity of incident light with a increasing of absorption. The results also showed that the polymer has an indirect allowed energy gap and it decrease with increasing doping because of the doping levels (Sn) inside the optical energy gap.