Summary
Chilli is a spicy crop which belongs to family Solanaceae. As a vegetable crop, it is considered as one of the major cultivated crops in the world seriously affected by the climatic changes, including elevation in temperature. Therefore, in this research various morpho-physiological characteristics of chilli were studied for heat tolerance under the influence of exogenous application of proline. This research was carried out in a growth room of the Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Four chilli genotypes were evaluated under the applied conditions. Seeds were grown in plastic pots. Heat stress (40/32 ºC day and night temperature) was applied 30 days after the emergence. Foliar spray of proline (0, 5 and 10 mM) was applied during heat stress, and after 7 days of stress the plants were harvested. The results revealed that the inhibition of chilli growth by heat stress was successfully mediated by proline application. Morphological attributes such as the number of leaves per plant, root and shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight were reduced in response to heat stress, and physiological attributes such as photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and chlorophyll contents were also reduced in response to heat stress, except transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, which increased under heat stress and showed recovery by proline application. Exogenous application of proline promoted tolerance against heat stress in chilli genotypes and enhanced growth. All the observed traits exhibited recovery in response to proline stimulus, indicating the role of proline in mitigating the consequences of heat stress. Recovery also depends on genetic capability of various cultivars.
The optoelectronic and transport characteristics of CsYbX3 (X = Br, Cl) are computed for clean energy harvesting. The structural stability has been anticipated by Goldsmith tolerance factor and thermodynamic stability by formation energy. The band gaps 1.66 eV and 1.44 eV for CsYbCl3 and CsYbBr3 are observed in visible energy region, which show their significance for optoelectronic and solar cells. The dielectric constant reveals the polarization of light while absorption coefficient and imaginary dielectric constant ensure maximum absorption in the visible region. Refractive index appears in the range of 1 to 2 and minimum reflectivity also builds their significance for optical applications. The transport properties are elucidated by electrical and thermal conductivities, Seebeck coefficient and figure of merit (ZT). The high value of ZT makes them equally important for thermoelectric devices.
Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum L.) is a long duration crop belongs to a family Solanaceae. In case of vegetables, tomato is a second major crop, cultivated wide range throughout the world. Although, tomato is moderate sensitive to salinity yet for salinity tolerance more attention is required. More than 30% cultivated land all over the world severely affected by the salinity. In this scenario, experiment was designed to investigate various morphological and physiological aspects of tomato under various salinity levels; different levels of exogenous glycine betaine applications. Study was conducted to reveal the salt tolerance in tomato genotypes. Experiment was performed under controlled condition in the growth chamber of the IHS, UAF. Different concentrations of sodium chloride salt (0, 1.5 and 3 dS m-1) was used for salinity levels. Medium size plastic pots were used for sowing of tomato and sand was used as growing medium. Hoagland solution was applied for nourishment of tomato seedlings. Salinity was applied on 3-4 leaf stage. Then examined the effect of glycine betaine (0, 5, 10 and 15mM) for salt tolerance on tomato cultivars. Data of various attributes was collected and analyzed statistically by appropriate statistical package. Results revealed that tomato growth was negatively affected by the salinity. Morphological attributes and physiological attributes reduced in response to salinity except electrolyte leakage which amplified in salt stress. Exogenous application of glycine betaine promotes the tolerance against the salinity in the tomato genotypes and enhance growth.
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