Background: Dermoid cyst is one of the congenital craniofacial masses, most commonly occurring in pediatric population. This study will help us to know the magnitude of dermoid cysts in midline craniofacial masses in children.Objective: To determine the prevalence of dermoid cysts in midline craniofacial masses in pediatric population in tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This case series study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Lady Reading Hospital(MTI) Peshawar, Pakistan from March 2016 to February 2019. A total of 52 patients with midline craniofacial masses were studied. After obtaining permission from hospital ethical committee and taking consent from patients included in the study, dermoid cysts in midline craniofacial masses was diagnosed on the basis of histopathology report done in our hospital laboratory. Results: The mean and standard deviation of age was 4.15±3.84years in patients with midline congenital craniofacial masses. Out of 52 patients with midline congenital craniofacial masses, 33(63.5%) patients were from the age group 1-5 years. Out of 52 patients having midline congenital craniofacial masses, 23(44.2%) were females and 29(55.8%) were males. 33 (63.5%) out of 52 patients with midline congenital craniofacial masses resided in urban areas. Out of 52 midline congenital craniofacial masses, 16 (30.8%) were dermoid cysts on histopathological report. Conclusion: Dermoid cyst is a common congenital midline craniofacial mass and is more common in males and urban population. Key words: Midline craniofacial masses, dermoid cyst.
Objective: To identify and highlight the challenges faced in initial traumatic brain injury management in a developing country Materials and Methods: The study includes 294 TBI-related admissions. We included all admitted Patients with Traumatic brain injury via. A and E (accident & emergency) departments and all patients of either age or gender. We included information related to the area of the initial trauma, whether the patient was referred from another setup after initial management, whether CT brain was performed at an initial health care facility, time since trauma to our hospital/ER presentation, duration of stay in our hospital, whether ICU was provided or not, and whether the patient was managed conservatively or required surgery at our hospital. Results: Out of the total patients received male to female ratio was 9 to 1 and the age group most involved was 15 to 45 years old.72% of patients were referred from local healthcare setups. 24% of patients underwent surgery. 64% were received from other districts. CT was performed by 41% before presenting. 61% of patients reached the hospital within 3 hours of injury. 51% stayed in the hospital for 1 – 3 days. 17% were shifted to ICU, Ventilator support was only given to 9.5% of patients. In 25% of patients, Steroids were given, and 5 redo surgeries were performed in the same hospital setting. Conclusion: This Short report provides a snapshot of the difficulties and weaknesses of the health system in the region.
Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a global health issue. TBI is common and has significant societal impact. This type oftrauma results in overlying fracture of the skull in 85%-95% of cases.Objective: To find the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea & rhinorrhea among patients presenting with traumatic skullfracture.Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive cross section was carried out at neurosurgery department, Lady ReadingHospital Peshawar. Time period of this study was from Jul 12, 2016 to Jan 11, 2017.All patients with age group 18 to 60 years ofboth gender who presented within 24 hours after the initial head trauma and who were diagnosed with skull bone fracture on x raywere included in the study. On the other hand, patients who developed post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leaks and presented withspontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea or otorrhea or those who developed inflammatory type of Cerebrospinal fluid dischargewere excluded from the study.Results: Total number of patients were 111 with traumatic skull fracture.Among the total patients 72% were male while 28% werefemale. The ratio of male to female was 2.5:1.The mean age was 36.13 years ±13.83SD with range of 18-60 years. 26-40 yearsgroup was common for the traumatic skull fracture in present study. The number of patients with age equal or less than 25 yearswas 34(30.6%).Thirty seven (33.3%) patients were of 26-40 years, 19 (17.9%) of 40-55 years and 21(18.9%) were more than 55years of age. The Rhinorrhea among traumatic skull fracture was observed in 22(19.8%) while 89(80.2%) patients showed noRhinorrhea. Otorrhea was found in 30(27%) patients and 1(73%) patients showed no Otorrhea.Conclusions: From this study, we concluded that Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea & rhinorrhea was the most common complicationamong patients with traumatic skull fractures.Key words: Cerebrospinal Fluid, Rhinorrhea Skull Fracture, Otorrhea
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