PurposeThis study was designed to investigate the effects of total parenteral nutrition (PN) using different lipid emulsions in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.MethodsFifty-two patients were randomized to receive soybean oil + medium chain triglycerides (MCT) (group I), soybean oil + olive oil (group II), soybean oil + olive oil + fish oil (group III) as a lipid source. PN was started on postoperative day 1 and patients were maintained on PN for a minimum period of 4 days. Laboratory variables (CRP, prealbumin, transferrin) were measured before surgery and on postoperative days.ResultsThree treatment groups were included in the study. Patients in group I received long chain triglycerides (LCT) + LCT/MCT emulsion (%75 LCT + %25 LCT/MCT); Patients in group II received olive oil based emulsion (80% olive oil + 20% soybean oil, ClinOleic); Patients in group III received fish oil in addition to olive oil based emulsion (%85 ClinOleic + %15 Omegaven; Fresenius Kabi). The following 14 parameters were assessed: body weight, CRP, prealbumin, transferrin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, total antioxidant status, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, oxidized low density lipoprotein-2, complete blood cell, international normalized ratio, D-dimer, activated partially thromboplastin time, prothrombin time. All other parameters showed no differences among the groups.ConclusionThe results of our trial demonstrate a potential beneficial effect of soybean oil/olive oil based lipid emulsions for use in PN regarding inflammatory response and oxidant capacity in the treatment of patients.

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The conditioning methods attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury for spinal cord injury. Ischemic and remote preconditioning and also postconditioning methods are simple to perform and inexpensive.

Object ve: Th s study a ms to demonstrate the demograph c character st cs for the laparoscop c cholecystectomy surger es performed n the general surgery cl n cs of our hosp tal, to dent fy the rate of convers on to open surgery and the ma n reasons for convert to open surgery. Mater als and Methods: Med cal records of a total of 1,294 pat ents who underwent laparoscop c cholecystectomy n our hosp tal between October 2013 and May 2017 were retrospect vely rev ewed and the rates of convers on to open surgery based on age groups were recorded. Results: Of these pat ents, 1,191 were females (92.0%) and 103 (7.9%) were males. The mean age was 48.6 ± 13.2 (range: 18 to 89) years. Ind cat ons for surgery were cholel th as s n 1,195 pat ents (92.4%), acute cholecyst t s n 56 pat ents (4.4%), and gallbladder polyps n 43 pat ents (3.3%). The procedure was convers on to open surgery n 41 pat ents (3.16%), wh le 12 (0.9%) developed ntraoperat ve compl cat ons. There was no mortal ty. The mean length of hosp tal stay was 1.2 (range: 1 to 6) days. The ma n reasons for conversat on to open surgery were as follows: adhes ons n the Calot's tr angle (n=3), acute cholecyst t s (n=29), choledochol th as s (n=2), adhes ons due to prev ous surgery (n=1), d ssect on d ff culty (n=2), organ damage (n=2), anatom c var at on (n=1), and stone expuls on (n=1). Conclus on: Acute cholecyst t s appears to be the most mportant factor ncreas ng the rate of convers on to open surgery dur ng laparoscop c cholecystectomy. Male sex, ncreased age, and the presence of acute cholecyst t s are the ma n factors ncreas ng the r sk of convert to open surgery.

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