Here, a slow light-based refractive index sensor has been presented in a hole-type 2D hexagonal lattice photonic crystal waveguide by insertion of only four defect holes inside the channel. The width of the channel has been optimized to provide single mode operation and large free spectral range. Also, the performance of the sensor with and without introducing the central cavity inside the channel have been regarded for different radii of defects. The proposed sensor presents the highest sensitivity and detection range of 126 nm/RIU and 1–2.2, respectively for the detection based on band edge shift. The defects inside the channel have been introduced to obtain high Q-factor by defect radii tailoring. The highest average Q-factor and sensitivity of 1570 and 249.5 have been obtained for defect hole with radius of rc = 0.34a. The study has been carried out by plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain analysis. There is a good agreement between the results and the study proves the effect of slow light on the enhancement of light-matter interaction and sensitivity. The proposed structures can find potential applications in gas or liquid detection in medical and biochemical fields.
In this study, a refractive index sensor based on self‐collimation and slow light is presented which operates in the Mid‐IR range (4 µm < λ < 4.133 µm). Here, the square and hexagonal arrays are merged as the background platform and the sensing area, respectively to provide self‐collimation and slow light properties. Three sensors based on slow‐light and self‐collimation are presented in detail which provide Q‐factor, sensitivity, and detection range of 227, 104 nm RIU−1, and 1–1.7, respectively in the best case. Furthermore, the sensor design based on self‐collimation and photonic bandgap phenomena in the background platform and the sensing area, respectively is presented with a single detection unit. The presented sensors are capable of gas or liquid detection with refractive indices in the range of 1–2 with enhanced Q‐factor and sensitivity of over 620 and 123, respectively.
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