To realize effective van der Waals (vdW) transistors, vdW dielectrics are needed in addition to vdW channel materials. We study the dielectric properties of 32 exfoliable vdW materials using first principles methods. We calculate the static and optical dielectric constants and discover a large out-of-plane permittivity in GeClF, PbClF, LaOBr, and LaOCl, while the in-plane permittivity is high in BiOCl, PbClF, and TlF. To assess their potential as gate dielectrics, we calculate the band gap and electron affinity, and estimate the leakage current through the candidate dielectrics. We discover six monolayer dielectrics that promise to outperform bulk HfO2: HoOI, LaOBr, LaOCl, LaOI, SrI2, and YOBr with low leakage current and low equivalent oxide thickness. Of these, LaOBr and LaOCl are the most promising and our findings motivate the growth and exfoliation of rare-earth oxyhalides for their use as vdW dielectrics.
This study addresses the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical and chemical (THMC) behaviour of a research well doublet consisting of the injection well E GrSk 3/90 and the production well Gt GrSk 4/05 A(2) in the deep geothermal reservoir of Groß Schönebeck (north of Berlin, Germany). The reservoir is located between 3815 and 4247 m below sea level in the Lower Permian of the North German Basin (NGB). Both wells were hydraulically stimulated to enhance productivity. For the production well three stimulation treatments were performed in 2007: these three treatments result in a productivity increase from 2.4 m 3 /(hMPa) to
Handling of the geothermal fluid, which is typically a complex mixture of salt solution and dissolved gases, is one of the main challenges for designing and operating reliable and efficient geothermal power plants. In the geothermal fluid loop, undesired mineral precipitation and fluid-material interactions must be prevented and the design and dimensioning of all components must be adapted according to the characteristics of the geothermal fluid. This paper outlines geochemical and process engineering aspects as well as research activities in these fields and introduces the Groß Schönebeck site, which is a central site for geothermal research.
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