Objective: In this study, the relationship between malnutrition in the elderly population and the agriculture subsistence economy is examined. Methods: The study was conducted on two groups (farmers and non-farmers) aged 65 and over living in the province of Hatay, Turkey. Anthropometric measurements of 111 (67 males, 44 females) in the farmer group and 89 (41 males, 48 females) in the non-farmer group were taken and their nutritional status was determined. The stature and body weight of the elderly who accepted to participate in the study were measured following international procedures and then body mass index (BMI) values were calculated. Results: In our sample, both groups had a low rate of undernourishment; however, overweight and obesity were more common. While, in males, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the farmer group was lower than in other occupations, there is no significant difference between females. Within the farmer group itself, overweight and obesity were more common among males, but there was no such difference between the sexes in the control group. Conclusions: In researches conducted on the elderly population in Turkey, the prevalence of obesity was more common among females, in our study, however, the opposite was observed among farmers. Our findings suggest that the activity pattern and daily lifestyle of farmers decrease obesity while the sedentary lifestyle in other occupation groups increase obesity.
Objective: In today’s world, experts are increasingly making identification and sex determination from skeletonized and dismembered corpses. For this reason, the question of which anatomical regions and bones will be used for sex determination is becoming increasingly important issue. One of the anatomical regions that stand out in terms of sexual dimorphism is the facial region and the elements that make up this region. Although studies have revealed that the width measurements in the face region, especially the bizygomatic width, are an important sex-discriminating variable, the other elements that make up the upper face region have not been adequately examined. The aim of this study is to look for an answer to the question of whether width measurements can be used in sex determination by focusing on the upper face region (especially the orbital aperture and its surroundings). Methods: In this framework, 5 width measurements were taken on CT (computerized tomography) images of 200 adult individuals (100 women, 100 men) aged between 18 and 75 years. These measures are: (1) interzygomatic width, (2) bimalar width, (3) orbital width, (4) biorbital width, and (5) interorbital width. The degrees of sexual dimorphism of the measures were analyzed by constructing univariate and multivariate discriminant functions. Results: The results of the analysis revealed that the ratio of correct allocation of sex by univariate functions ranged from 63.5% to 76.5%. It was determined that the variables that best the discriminator of sex were bizygomatic width (76.5%) and biorbital width (73%), respectively. Two variables were included in the most successful multivariate function that correctly separated the sex groups. These are bizygomatic width and orbital width measurements, and the correct sex determination rate of this equation was determined as 77%. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the success of the width measurements in the upper face and orbital region is at a moderate level, therefore, in the medico-legal examinations the width measurements of the upper face region can be applied in cases where the bone elements forming the pelvis are not found.
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