The aims of this research are three-fold. First, an examination of a pregnant female's information on risks associated with deficiency in vitamin D in pregnancy at the Al-Nasiriyah primary health clinic, second, an evaluation of levels of vitamin D through various times in pregnancy, third, to identify if an association exists between levels of vitamin D in pregnancy and the trimester of pregnancy. Methodology: The following study was run from 27 th December 2018 to the 1 st of April 2019. A descriptive study design was adopted including 100 pregnant females who were selected using purposive (non-probability) sampling. The study location was Al-Nasraniyah; specifically, the Al-Karar primary health care clinic. Data collection was completed through a selfadministrative report and a questionnaire that was split into three sections. The first is the socio-demographic characteristics of the parents including their age, job, income (monthly) and education. The second section included the pregnant female's medical data including gestational age, gravida, para, and exposure to daily sunlight, numbers of abortions and whether they consume vitamin D or multi-vitamin supplements. The final section consisted of ten questions investigating the pregnant female's knowledge of the risk factors associated with vitamin deficiency in pregnant females. Quantification of all participants' vitamin D serum levels was also conducted. Validity testing was performed using both external and internal means. For external validity a panel of experts was employed, while internal validity was established using a pilot study and the alpha correlation coefficient at r=0.870. The Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data using both descriptive and inferential methodologies. Results: the study results indicate that the majority that (50.0 %) of the patients within age group (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) .Regarding to the level of education, the greater number of them do not read and write and they are accounted for (32.0%) of the sample. In regarding to pregnant women medical sheet information the majority of study sample gestational age found at second semester with percent (56 %) of all study sample, the daily sun light exposure among study sample there are higher percent with less than one hour per day which account for (67%) of study sample.patients have knowledge toward risk factors of Vit D deficiency only at presented as ( pass) in ( 3 and 6) items and presented (failed) in all items ,the high prevalence of Vit D deficiency among study sample with percentage ( 42%) of all which are suffering from Deficiency of Vit D during their pregnancy period . the study results show there is not statistically significant differences Between Vitamin D Level during Pregnancy and first Semester and statistically significant differences Between Vitamin D Level at Semester of Pregnancy by P value < 0.05, While there is highly statistically significant difference Between Vitamin...
Introduction: To limit the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have implemented effective procedures. However, it has been noted that an individual’s attitude, knowledge, and practices concerning COVID-19 plays a major role in determining how much they will follow the established preventive and control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness level of Iraqi paramedical student's regarding Covid-19. Methods: This study conducted an online survey of (118) paramedical students over a two-week period using piloted and validated questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS version 21 for analysis. Contingency Coefficients test was used to estimate of the association between student's responses and socio-demographical characteristics variables. Results: Of the participants, (55%) students provided correct answers, indicating moderate awareness. Only (35%) of the sampled students could correctly define “close contact.” Further, (65%) students knew about the different infection control measures such as respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette, rapid triage, and the importance of a well-ventilated and separate waiting area for patients presumed to have COVID-19. Most students (85%) also knew about clinical management, including immediately executing recommended infection prevention and control measures as well as managing complications in a supportive manner.
Background: Dental imaging in pregnant females may engender anxiety and consequently, be detrimental to both maternal and foetal oral health. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the degree of knowledge present in women regarding the use of dental imaging in pregnancy. Patients and methods: Social media platforms were used for the online dissemination of a structured questionnaire to females who were either studying or employed within the medical sector. The questions were designed to elicit the degree of knowledge of the women with respect to the measures taken to protect the foetus from ionising radiation during dental imaging, the safest period for dental images to be acquired, the types of dental radiographs that could be performed and the risk to the foetus (e.g. radiation-induced neoplasia or malformations, as a consequence). Results: A total of 98 subjects, of whom 77.6% (76/98) were aged less than 30 years, filled in and returned the questionnaires. The majority (50%) evidenced a considerable lack of knowledge regarding dental imaging. Opinions proffered suggested that it was safe during the first trimester of pregnancy (14.2%), that panoramic imaging was contraindicated during pregnancy (>50%) and that there was a high risk of associated foetal malformations (14.2%). Conclusions:The data suggested that the study population, who had some level of clinical awareness, had little knowledge of the protective measures undertaken for dental imaging during pregnancy. Students, qualified personnel and healthcare workers would benefit from additional education (e.g. courses or lectures) on this topic.
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