Autophagy is an effective regulatory process for eliminating tumors and worn-out intracellular components. Different groups of enzymes and regulatory elements are involved in the autophagy process. MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes are the most important gene groups in autophagy. These genes, through the production of beclin-1 and lc3 proteins, are involved in the production of autophagosomes. In general, both MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes are active in cellular responses and the biological process. The aim of this study was bioinformatics analysis at the level of genome and proteome and to evaluate and compare the expression of MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes in different human body tissues. The results of this study showed that the expression level of the BECN1 gene was relatively higher than the MAP1LC3A gene in different mammals. Cell analysis of MAP1LC3A and BECN1 genes by antibodies that bind to proteins of target genes showed that the protein encoded by the BECN1 gene is more present in the cytosol and the proteins encoded by MAP1LC3A gene are locally present in vesicles. It was also found that the protein encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene had a higher expression in brain tissues than in other tissues, while the beclin-1 protein in cardiac tissue showed higher expression than in other tissues. Finally, by using this information, it is possible to provide the ground for targeted therapies.
In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the genetic characteristics of cancer, among which we can mention lncRNA Long Non-Coding RNAs, which effectively eliminate cancer tumors. LncRNAs are non-coding protein transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides that react with other molecules through their unique structure and affect many cellular processes and chemical reactions in this way; they act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes in tumorigenic responses. On the other hand, lncRNAs play an essential role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of gene expression at different epigenetic levels of transcription, posttranscription, and interaction of molecules with other vital factors such as DNA, proteins, and other RNAs. Some lncRNAs can react with enzymes that change the state of chromatin and increase the transcriptional activity of some genes or turn off another group of genes. Also, lncRNAs are present in essential processes such as directing ribonucleoprotein complexes, regulating alternating processing, and maintaining the state of multipotency. Examining the function of lncRNAs has greatly impacted the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells. This review closely examines recent research on the use of lncRNAs in progression as clinical biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets in cancer.
Article info
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.