Background: Nanofertilizers are a new product containing nutrients available in Nano form scale and are mainly preferred due to their effectiveness. Methods: This research was conducted to assess a three-replicate randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial experiment in Roudbar area (Kerman province, Iran) in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of Nano iron and zinc chelates on Nano iron and zinc chelates on agronomic and qualitative traits of cowpea in cover crops was investigated. Treatments included the first factor, the cropping system at five levels of cowpea and maize cropping pattern (PC: pure Cultivation, IC1: 75% maize+ 25% cowpea, IC2: 50% maize+ 50% cowpea, IC3: 25% maize+75% cowpea.) and the second factor, four levels of nano-chelate (nano iron chelate, nano zinc chelate and nano iron chelate + nano zinc chelate) and control treatments. Result: The highest Protein of seed (28.6%), Grain yield (2813 Kg/ha) and Harvest index (44.4%) was measured for cowpea in treatment IC3 under Zn application alone, while the lowest Protein of seed (16.9%) and Grain yield (1618 Kg/ha) was observed in treatment CPC and Harvest index (36%) in treatment IC2 under Control. The highest Protein of seed (22.2%) in treatment IC1 under Zn application, Grain yield (12050 Kg/ha) in treatment MPC under Fe application and Harvest index (54.8%) was measured for maize in treatment MPC under Fe application, while the lowest Protein of seed (7.4%) and Grain yield (9980Kg/ha) was observed in treatment MPC Control and Harvest index (36.5%) in treatment IC1 under Control for maize. Simultaneously applying nano iron and zinc chelates increased all the quantitative and qualitative traits measured in both crops.
Background: Opium has been used for thousands of years for medical and analgesic purposes, and its misuse has also increased in recent years. Methadone, a synthetic opioid, has been used as an analgesic and to help patients quit opium addiction. However, some evidence suggests that long-term use of opioids can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the serum cortisol level and response to the cosyntropin stimulation test in opium addicts on methadone treatment. Methods: The study was conducted in November 2019 at Imam Reza Hospital Rehab Center, Birjand, Iran. Thirty-eight methadone-treated opium addicts participated in the study. A blood sample was initially obtained, then 250 µg intramuscular cosyntropin was injected. After 30 and 60 minutes, two other blood samples were obtained. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: There was a significant difference between serum cortisol levels and the normal value in methadone users (9.46 ± 5.42 vs. 14 µg/dL) (P < 0.001). The mean response to the cosyntropin stimulation test in methadone users was 9.34 ± 8.11 µg/dL. Also, 55% of the participants had adrenal insufficiency. Conclusions: Serum cortisol levels significantly differed from normal values in methadone-treated patients. Therefore, we recommend measuring serum cortisol levels in methadone-treated patients before major medical procedures to consider the stress doses of corticosteroids.
Introduction: The current study compared the amount of bleeding in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia in patients undergoing lumbar disc and cerebral hemorrhage surgery in Birjand teaching hospitals within 2017-2018. Methods: This retrospective quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a nonequivalent group design. It was performed on patients within the age range of 18-75 years undergoing spinal surgery and cerebral hemorrhage who were referred to Imam Reza (AS) and Razi hospitals in Birjand within 2017-2018. Patient information was retrospectively collected using their medical records. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version16) using the independent t-test, paired t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A number of 36 and 35 patients underwent propofol and isoflurane anesthesia, respectively. Both groups were individually matched on gender, and the propofol patients were not significantly younger than the isoflurane patients (P=0.006). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of pre- and postoperative bleeding, hemoglobin level, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Preoperative hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in the propofol group were reported as 13.8±1.69 g/dl, 127.2±15 mmHg, and 80±8 mmHg, respectively. These values decreased to 13.03±2.01 g/dl (P=0.0001), 122.3±12.8 mmHg (P=0.079), and 76.5±9.7 mmHg (P=0.034) postoperatively. On the other hand, in the isoflurane group, preoperative hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were obtained at 13.7±1.62 g/dl, 128.4±18 mmHg, and 78.5±12.6 mmHg, respectively. These values also decreased to 12.8±1.9 g/dl (P=0.0001), 124.1±15.8 mmHg (P=0.217), and 76.0±11.9 mmHg (P=0.365) postoperatively. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, the amount of bleeding is similar in patients undergoing central nervous system surgery under either propofol or isoflurane anesthesia. Nevertheless, hypotension was higher in propofol-anesthetized patients. Inhaled anesthesia is advantageous over propofol anesthesia due to the possibility of metabolic acidosis in patients with controlled hypotension.
Background: Coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in humans, mainly causes respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations that can range from a simple cold to severe clinical symptoms or death. On the other hand, COVID-19 patients’ hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) have serious problems, which can affect their mortality; therefore, the awareness of these problems has a main role in decision-making in the early stages. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was conducted on patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the ICU of Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran, in 2020. A total of 111 patients, including 51 female and 63 male subjects, were enrolled in this study using convenience sampling. Demographic data, comorbidities, signs and symptoms, radiological findings, supportive methods of oxygen therapy, and clinical outcomes were collected using a checklist and compared between two groups (i.e., survivors and nonsurvivors). Results: Among 111 patients (including 59 nonsurvivors and 52 survivors), the numbers of mortalities within the age ranges of ≥ 75 and ≤ 44 years were the highest and lowest, respectively. In the survived patients, hypertension (50.8%), diabetes mellitus (47.5%), heart disease (44.1%), and chronic obstructive lung disease (23.7%) were the most common comorbidities. Moreover, dyspnea (81.1%), fever and chills (73%), cough (64.9%), muscle pain (45%), and weakness, and lethargy (42.3%) were the most common symptoms of the patients. Based on the comparison of survived and nonsurvived groups, diarrhea (P < 0.001), sore throat (P < 0.001), nausea (P < 0.001), and vomiting (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the group of survived patients. Among the radiological findings (i.e., chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography), bronchoalveolar markings (P = 0.05) and pleural effusion (P = 0.02) were higher in the nonsurvived patients. The average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score ≥ 16 was reported with a higher mortality rate. Conclusions: Risk factors, including dyspnea, older age, comorbidities, and high APACHE II score, could increase the risk of poor clinical outcomes and help identify ill patients with a poor prognosis at the beginning of ICU admission.
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