The synthesis of organic and inorganic thin films based on nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) and nickel oxide NiO nanoparticles. the thin films prepared by spin coating technic. The volume of the solution dropped on each slide is 50 micro liter at room temperature. Nanocomposites thin films NiPc:NiO with different percentage 1:0 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:1 are analysed using FESEM and EDX. The study of morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized thin films revealed the formation of NiPc in the form of rods and nickel oxide similar to spherical clusters. The EDX spectra revealed the appearance of oxygen in a high percentage in some samples, perhaps as a result of the chemical and physical adsorption. This is the first study on the combination and description of NiPc:NiO nanocomposite.
During the past decade, the six Arab Gulf Cooperation Council (AGCC) states, comprising of Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain have taken long strides in the development of their mass media and national telecommunications infrastructures. One of the areas positively affected by this trend has been direct satellite broadcasting and reception. Not only have AGCC states made possible their populations' exposure to DBS television programming, but they themselves have become active participants in international satellite broadcasting, some of them are even beaming their TV materials on an around-the-clock basis.This study argues that the rise of DBS in the Gulf is part of a three-decade trend of communications development in the region whereby national broadcasting systems in the six states have acquired high degrees of sophistication and maturity. The study notes that major DBS broadcasters to the Gulf region range in background from CNN International, to Middle East Broadcasting Center, London, to the French International Channel (CFI). Local Gulf populations watch DBS programs through direct-to-home transmissions, telecasts of selected foreign and Arab satellite services by national TV channels, and finally through microwave distribution systems.The authors note that while DBS in the Arab Gulf region is here to stay, it has to be approached with a balanced vision that takes into account the national interests of Gulf societies and media systems. While total blackout approaches seem to be unrealitistic in light of accelerating innovations in DBS reception techniques, openness to international television via satellite should serve as a means of fostering intercultural interactions and of enhancing national media performance.
This study we don't use any catalyst or buffer layer before the reaction by hydrothermal method was used to prepare ZnO nano rods and flowerlike. The process has taken place inside Teflon lined stainless steel autoclave with volume 50 ml (homemade). ZnO nano rods and flowerlike were successfully synthesized using ZnO nanoparticles (20 nanometer) and NaOH (concentrations 3M) was the starting materials for the chemical reaction under stirring. The suspension was transferred into a Teflon lined sealed stainless steel autoclave and kept at 90 0 C for 24 h,48 h and 72 h. The influence of the synthesis process on the morphology, the crystallinity and structural properties are studied by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the experimental pattern of the films show that diffraction peaks can be assigned to the Wurtzite hexagonal-shaped ZnO as shown in the FE-SEM pictures, also the morphology of the films studied by atomic force microscope shows that the prepared thick films have high roughness specially for the powder prepared 46 h .
The water absorption of high density polyethylene filled with micro hybrid (titanium dioxide and alumina), alumina and titanium dioxide with weight ratio of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% , are measured in order to study the effect of these particles on water absorption of this polymer. The result shows that the increase of content of filler particles increasing water absorption, because of filler particles which have a higher water absorption percentage than the matrix material, and the filler will take up the free volume within the polymer matrix and create a tortuous path for the water permeating through the sample.
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