After Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was first detected in 2009, it quickly became the dominant pest in tomato-growing areas of Turkey. Both its feeding behavior and resistance to insecticides has forced growers to use alternative control measures. This study examined the effectiveness of individual and combined use of the predatory insect, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) as biological control measures in the western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. For this purpose, greenhouse trials were conducted in a single-crop tomato cultivation period between 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. A reduction in infested fruit of 95.1 and 94.5% was achieved, respectively, in plots where N. tenuis and T. evanescens were released together. However, no significant difference was found between the plots with N. tenuis alone and the combination of N. tenuis and T. evanescens.
Öz Turunçgil, Akdeniz Bölgesinde üretim alanı ve miktarı açısından yoğun olarak yetiştirilen önemli ihraç ürünlerinden biridir. İklim koşullarının uygun olması nedeniyle doğada çok sayıda turunçgil zararlısı mevcuttur. Aynı zamanda çok sayıda faydalı böcek türü de tespit edilmiştir. Fakat gereğinden fazla kullanılan pestisitler doğal düşman popülasyonuna zarar vermektedir. Turunçgil ekosisteminde; turunçgil kırmızı ve sarı kabuklu biti ve birçok turunçgil zararlısının önemli predatörlerinden Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col: Coccinellidae) doğal olarak yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile tarla koşullarında buprofezin etken maddeli insektisitin C. bipustulatus'un ergin ve ergin öncesi dönemlerine karşı yan etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme, 'Pestisitlerin Faydalı Organizmalara Standart Yan Etki Deneme Metotları (2018)'na göre Antalya ili Serik ve Aksu ilçelerinde olmak üzere iki lokasyonda yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonucu elde edilen sonuçlar IOBC standartlarına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Serik lokasyonunda sınıf değeri 1., 7., 14., ve 28. günde zararsız veya az zararlı olarak hesaplanırken, aynı şekilde Aksu lokasyonunda da sınıf değeri 1., 7., 14. ve 28. günde zararsız veya az zararlı olarak bulunmuştur.
A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Muls.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and a parasitoid, Leptomastix dactylopii (How.) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), in biological control of citrus mealybug Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a major pest in pomegranate orchards in Antalya. When the pests were observed in 2013, 10 predators and 20 parasitoids were concurrently released per tree in plots using the standard procedures. In 2014 and 2015, despite the partial control (74%) in 2013, a different method release method was used; a modified banker box. In this method, beneficial insects were established in cardboard boxes that included potato tubers infested with prey pest before release. These boxes were then placed in the orchard before pest seen. The total number of beneficials in three boxes was equal to the number of beneficials released in 2013. The banker box method gave promising results, with control of nearly 90% in both 2014 and 2015. These findings demonstrated that the banker box application increased the effectiveness of the release of beneficials and it suggested that this method should be considered for biological control of citrus mealybug in pomegranate.
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