In many applications, those who work on assembly processes are required to work in nonergonomic stances. Incorrect positions may cause strain and persistent problems. In addition, strain in workers’ bodies also has a negative effect on labor productivity. Ergonomics should be applied to avoid this kind of negative impact on workers’ health as well as productivity. Ergonomics introduces the basic principles of system productivity and human‐machine‐environment relationship. With a series of computer‐aided ergonomics analysis (CAEA), necessary precautions can be taken in advance by determining the undesirable stances. Through CAEA, productivity for machinery and comfort for people can be ensured by creating an efficient working environment without causing health problems for workers who work in production. In this study, in an agricultural equipment producing company, current working positions of a worker carrying out tasks during the assembly of wheel hay rakes, have been evaluated via the CATIA Ergonomic Analysis Module. On the basis of the results, the design of the assembly unit was ergonomically improved. As a result of the improvement in the working environment, unfavorable stance positions were avoided and production time was decreased by 60%.
This paper describes the development of a system that is capable of tiling mosaics using a robot according to requirements of the individual customer. The art of mosaic, in one form or another, has been practiced manually for thousands of years. Modern developments in materials and production techniques could be found as evidence that mosaic is very much alive in the new millennium. It is very costly and also difficult to find skilful people to tile mosaic. Therefore a computer-assisted robotic system has been constructed and applied. To activate the system a particular algorithm has been developed and successfully applied on an available SCARA robot.
ÖZMontaj hatlarında tekrarlayan işler ve uygun olmayan pozisyonlarda yapılan çalışmalar kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarına (KİSR)ve işgücü kayıplarına sebep olmaktadır. KİSR'nın önüne geçmek için montaj hatlarının ergonomik tasarımı önemlidir. Montaj işlemlerinin farklı çalışma pozisyonlarını bir arada kullanılmasını gerektirmesine karşın; tüm çalışma pozisyonlarında aynı anda ergonomik çalışmayı sağlayacak bir hat tasarlamak her zaman mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle montaj hattı tasarımlarında tasarım kriterlerinin belirlenebilmesi için, çalışanların hangi vücut bölümlerinin öncelikli olarak göz önüne alınacağının araştırılması gerekir. Bu çalışmada, bir transformatör imalatçısının montaj hattı çalışanlarının kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları; Cornell Üniversitesi Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlık Anketinden (CMDQ) esinlenilerek oluşturulan bir anket çalışması, Hızlı Tüm Vücut Değerlendirme (REBA) Yöntemi ve Ovako Çalışma Duruşu Analiz Sistemi (OWAS) ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, sırt, bel, ayaklar, boyun, sağ pazu ve omuzlar en riskli vücut bölümleri olarak belirlenmiş ve bu riskleri azaltmak üzere ayarlanabilir bir montaj sehpası tasarımı yapılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Cornell üniversitesi kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlık anketi, reba, owas, montaj sehpası tasarımı Ergonomic analysis of assembly unit in a transformer company ABSTRACTIn assembly lines repeated work and unsuitable working postures cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and labor losses. Ergonomic design of assembly lines is important to avoid MSD. Although assembly work require the use of different working postures together, it is not always possible to design an assembly line that provides ergonomic work in all postures at the same time. For this reason, in order to determine design criteria for design of assembly lines, it is necessary to investigate which body parts of employees will be taken into consideration primarily. In this study, musculoskeletal disorders of assembly line employees of a transformer producer were analyzed by using the questionnaire study inspired by "Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ)", Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Ovako Working Postures Analysing System (OWAS). As a result of analysis, the back, waist, feet, neck, right upper arm and shoulders were identified as the most risky body parts and an adjustable assembly table was designed to reduce these risks.Keywords: Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ), rapid entire body assessment (REBA), ovako working postures analyzing system (OWAS), assembly table design.
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