Background: Speech fluency disorder(SFD), a common disorder is reported in all age groups of people but most commonly in children around the world. Objective: This study aimed to review critically several aspects of SFD, specifically epidemiological parameters, etiological foundations, clinical and treatment perspectives. Methods: Electronic searches of relevant data published (1970-2020) in PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were made using the Boolean operators and keywords and following iterative process 194 papers selected for this review. Results: Speech fluency disorder presents in a variety of forms including acquired neurogenic and psychogenic stuttering is a complex, challenging neurological disorder. SFD is determined by diverse biopsychosocial and cultural etiologies, commonly afflicts male children at age 2-3 years compared to their counterparts (4:1 ratio). SFD manifests a variety of signs and symptoms, and up to 85% children who stutter improves spontaneously with or without intervention. Childhood developmental stuttering (CDS) persists in 1-2% of adults and persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) is again male-gender condition. Persons who stutter (PWS) are managed by non-pharmacological especially speech therapy and pharmacological interventions in particular dopamine antagonists. Gender, early intervention, chronicity, severity, language skills, and comorbid conditions mainly determine the prognosis and outcome of stuttering. Conclusion: Extensive data concerning different perspectives of SFD is published globally, and projected better understanding of most speech disfluencies. Nonetheless, research need to be conducted to develop and provide better quality services to all PWS and to reduce the discrimination against PWS around the world.
Background: Speech fluency disorders determined by a variety of complex biological and environmental interactions are common problems of children, adolescents, adults and older adults around the world and need therapeutic interventions for improving the quality of life of those who stutter. Objective: This descriptive study aims to mainly focus on training course and techniques along with various associated challenges faced by persons who stutter. Methods: Training module was tailored and customized by five trainers including psychiatrist, speech therapist, speech pathologist, psychologist and behavioral therapist to meet the therapeutic needs of chronic adult stutterers who were invited to take 2-week training course concerning stuttering. Results: The will club for stuttering has well defined mission, vision, values and goals, modus operandi and techniques, and well appreciated by trainees/participants in their success stories. Stuttering is associated with many challenges, which were identified proactively and discussed using training exercises and techniques/methods during training course that comprised of preparatory, application, confrontation, and sustainability phases. Conclusion: Two-week training course directed towards adult stutterers facing many challenges which were discussed extensively and trainers found their effective solutions through exercises and multi-dimensional techniques dispersed in several phases of the program module.
Speech fluency disorder is a common problem among children across the world, though majority of stutters recover either spontaneously or with appropriate interventions including speech therapy and related knowledge and awareness upsurge. This paper describes a skeleton of a new training course intended for the teaching of different perspectives of speech fluency disorder (stuttering) leading to enhancement of knowledge of persons who stutter. Evidently, it is mandatory to develop a comprehensive course before any training course is directed towards adults who have speech fluency disorder. For this purpose, our team discussed iteratively various methods and processes used in the construction of an effective training course framework. As a result, the concise needed short course should have a course framework and a distinctive rationale and justification with aims and specific objectives, important contents, teaching methods, proper evaluation, available digital infrastructure resources and a well-defined suitable time framework. The authors recommend that the semi-theoretical construction of the training course for advancing the knowledge of persons who stutter that is linked with improvement in SFD could be utilized in Saudi Arabia or possibly other Gulf countries with or without modifications.
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