Total awareness of patients from their rights was medium. Although compared to similar studies this rate was not unsatisfactory, attempts should be made to improve it. Health care organizations are to deliver PRC to patients and make sure they have proper information about their rights. Assuring observance of patients' rights requires not only informing healthcare policy makers and providers, but also educating citizens about what they must expect from their governments and health care providers. This will consequently improve the quality of services. Establishment of Patient Right Committee for supervision and monitoring of informing and observance of patients' rights is also recommended.
Background: An important feature of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is its rapid human to human transfer.Technologies can play an important role in controlling this disease. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the technologies that have been applied to solve the COVID-19 crisis. Besides, the approaches used by these technologies are surveyed. Methods: In this narrative review, international databases were searched for papers investigating the role of various technologies in the management of COVID-19 from December 2019 to 20 April 2020. The keywords searchedwere “Technology”, “COVID-19”, “nCOV-19”, Diagnostic Technologies”, “Therapeutic technologies”, “Telemedicine”, “Internet of Things”, “Big data”, “Blockchain”, “Robots”, and “Drones”. Forty-seven articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria after the title, abstract, and full text were reviewed. Results: Two major categories of technology were found to be applied to combat COVID-19. The first category involves technologies that have the potential to support the diagnostic process and case-finding including non-contact thermometers, artificial intelligence, drones, self-assessment applications, and virus genome sequencing. The second category includes technologies with therapeutic and logistic applications searching for medicines or vaccines, and provide support services such as pharmaceutical tech, robots, telemedicine, Geographic Information System (GIS), Internet of Things, and big data and blockchain. Conclusion: It can be concluded that technologies with the ability to reduce human contacts through teleservices as well as those that quickly enable decision-making via in-depth analysis received more attention among the health authorities and organizations.
BackgroundIt is believed that laboratory tariffs in Iran don’t reflect the real costs. This might expose private laboratories at financial hardship. Activity Based Costing is widely used as a cost measurement instrument to more closely approximate the true cost of operations.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the real price of different clinical tests of a selected private clinical laboratory.MethodsThis study was a cross sectional study carried out in 2015. The study setting was the private laboratories in the city of Kerman, Iran. Of 629 tests in the tariff book of the laboratory (relative value), 188 tests were conducted in the laboratory that used Activity Based Costing (ABC) methodology to estimate cost-price. Analyzing and cost-price estimating of laboratory services were performed by MY ABCM software Version 5.0.ResultsIn 2015, the total costs were $641,645. Direct and indirect costs were 78.3% and 21.7% respectively. Laboratory consumable costs by 37% and personnel costs by 36.3% had the largest share of the costing. Also, group of hormone tests cost the most $147,741 (23.03%), and other tests group cost the least $3,611 (0.56%). Also after calculating the cost of laboratory services, a comparison was made between the calculated price and the private sector’s tariffs in 2015.ConclusionThis study showed that there was a difference between costs and tariffs in the private laboratory. One way to overcome this problem is to increase the number of laboratory tests with regard to capacity of the laboratories.
Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer types among women in developing countries. Women’s behavior in the early detection of the disease is influenced by sociocultural factors. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on PEN-3 model on women’s participation in cervical cancer screening. Methods The present quasi-experimental study was conducted with 160 women participants visiting health care centers in Bandar Abbas in 2021. The sampling was as a multi-stage clustering, and the participants were divided into two groups, an intervention and a control (each with 80 participants). The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the PEN-3 model constructs before and 3 months after an educational intervention (a training course). The intervention involved 30 online sessions of 15–20 minutes for the intervention group while the control group did not receive any training. Results After the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, enablers, nurturers and the Pap smear test behavior in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The analysis of covariance results showed that by modulating the effect of pre-test score, there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the post-intervention behavior score. Conclusion In the light of the present findings, it can be concluded that interventions based on the PEN-3 model with a focus on knowledge -raising, changing beliefs and identifying sociocultural and environmental factors that affect cervical cancer screening behavior can prevent cervical cancer in women.
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