Concerns about fire risk reduction and rescue tactics have been raised in light of recent incidents involving flammable cladding systems and fast fire spread in high-rise buildings worldwide. Thus, governments, engineers, and building designers should prioritize fire safety. During a fire event, an emergency evacuation system is indispensable in large buildings, which guides evacuees to exit gates as fast as possible by dynamic and safe routes. Evacuation plans should evaluate whether paths inside the structures are appropriate for evacuations, considering the building’s electric power, electric controls, energy usage, and fire/smoke protection. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as a catalyst for creating and optimizing the supply and consumption of intelligent services to achieve an efficient system. Smart buildings use IoT sensors for monitoring indoor environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, luminosity, and air quality. This research proposes a new way for a smart building fire evacuation and control system based on the IoT to direct individuals along an evacuation route during fire incidents efficiently. This research utilizes a hybrid nature-inspired optimization approach, Emperor Penguin Colony, and Particle Swarm Optimization (EPC-PSO). The EPC algorithm is regulated by the penguins’ body heat radiation and spiral-like movement inside their colony. The behavior of emperor penguins improves the PSO algorithm for sooner convergences. The method also uses a particle idea of PSO to update the penguins’ positions. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was executed accurately and effectively by cost, energy consumption, and execution time-related challenges to ensure minimum life and resource causalities. The method has decreased the execution time and cost by 10.41% and 25% compared to other algorithms. Moreover, to achieve a sustainable system, the proposed method has decreased energy consumption by 11.90% compared to other algorithms.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded access to information technology by combining both digital and physical fields as an emerging technology. IoT will increasingly overshadow human life as it becomes more pervasive. IoT will be applied to important areas of the national economy, such as health care and medical care, and smart transportation. Hence, data security in IoT must be met with highlights such as distinguishing proof, unwavering quality, integration, and verifiable, and so on. Security within the field of IoT is more vital in terms of openness and reliance. Security is an critical issue for IoT applications and proceeds to confront major challenges. This think about pointed to supply a convention to extend IoT-based security. The method proposed in this paper is to show modern conveyance engineering to extend IoT security. This unused design is based on a blockchain and can be actualized as a dispersed design in all layers of IoT. The findings of recreations and usage in genuine IoT scenarios appear that the execution of the proposed security conventions can be proficient and viable within the productivity and adequacy of distinctive levels of security and IoT accessibility.
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