In this study, we report on the full genome phylogenetic analysis of four ASFV isolates obtained from wild boars in Russia. These samples originated from two eastern and two western regions of Russia in 2019. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates were assigned to genotype II and grouped according to their geographical origins. The two eastern isolates shared 99.99% sequence identity with isolates from China, Poland, Belgium, and Moldova, whereas the western isolates had 99.98% sequence identity with isolates from Lithuania and the original Georgia 2007 isolate. Based on the full genome phylogenies, we identified three single locus targets, MGF-360-10L, MGF-505-9R, and I267L, that yielded the same resolving power as the full genomes. The ease of alignment and a high level of variation make these targets a suitable selection as additional molecular markers in future ASFV phylogenetic practices.
Biological properties of the African swine fever (ASF) virus isolates originating from various regions of the Russian Federation (2013–2018) were studied in a series of experimental infections. Comparative analysis allowed us to establish the differences in the key characteristics of the infection, such us the duration of the incubation periods, disease, and the onset of death. The incubation period averaged 4.1 days, varying from 1 to 13 days. An average duration of the disease was 6.3 days and varied from 0 to 18 days. Overall case fatality was 94.5%, and antibodies were detected only in 19.3% of the animals. The biological properties of isolates Odintsovo 02/14 and Lipetsk 12/16 were significantly different from others. For this two, the presence of antibodies to the virus was detected in 71.4% and 75% of animals respectively and mortality levels were of 87.5% and 50%.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) caused by LSD virus (LSDV), is a member of the poxvirus genus Capripoxvirus. It is classified as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) based on its potential for rapid spread and global economic impact. Due to these characteristics, the mode of LSDV transmission has prompted intensive research efforts. Previous experimental studies using the virulent vaccine-derived recombinant LSDV strain Saratov/2017, demonstrated that this strain has the capacity for transmission in a vector-proof environment. This study demonstrated that a second novel recombinant vaccine-derived LSDV strain Udmurtiya/2019, can infect bulls in contact with diseased animals, in the absence of insect vectors. Bulls were housed in an insect proof animal biosafety level 3 facility, where half the animals were inoculated intravenously with the recombinant LSDV (Udmurtiya/2019), whilst the remaining five animals were mock-inoculated but kept in contact with the inoculated group. Both the infected / inoculated group (IN) and uninfected / incontact group (IC), were monitored for 41 days with continuous registration of body temperature, observations for clinical signs and collection of blood samples and nasal swabs for testing of LSDV presence using real-time PCR. Results indicated that cohabitation of animals from both groups was sufficient to transmit the virus from the IN to the IC-group, with the onset of clinical signs including pyrexia (~41°C) and classical LSD nodular skin lesions starting at 10 dpi for the IN group and 16 dpi for the IC-group. Additionally, the presence of LSDV genomes as well as anti-LSDV antibodies were detected in swabs, blood and serum samples from animals belonging to both groups. These results provides additional evidence of LSDV transmission in a controlled environment without direct contact between diseased and healthy animals, yet in the absence of vectors. Based on these observations, the question concerning a hypothetical relation between mutations in the virus genome and its mode of transmission gains more importance and requires additional investigations with direct comparisons between classical and novel recombinant LSDV strains.
African swine fever virus (ASFV), classified as genotype II, was introduced into Georgia in 2007, and from there, it spread quickly and extensively across the Caucasus to Russia, Europe and Asia. The molecular epidemiology and evolution of these isolates are predominantly investigated by means of phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequences. Since this is a costly and time-consuming endeavor, short genomic regions containing informative polymorphisms are pursued and utilized instead. In this study, sequences of the central variable region (CVR) located within the B602L gene were determined for 55 ASFV isolates submitted from 526 active African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks occurring in 23 different regions across the Russian Federation (RF) between 2013 and 2017. The new sequences were compared to previously published data available from Genbank, representing isolates from Europe and Asia. The sequences clustered into six distinct groups. Isolates from Estonia clustered into groups 3 and 4, whilst sequences from the RF were divided into the remaining four groups. Two of these groups (5 and 6) exclusively contained isolates from the RF, while group 2 included isolates from Russia as well as Chechnya, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Ukraine. In contrast, group 1 was the largest, containing sequences from the RF, Europe and Asia, and was represented by the sequence from the first isolate in Georgia in 2007. Based on these results, it is recommended that the CVR sequences contain significant informative polymorphisms to be used as a marker for investigating the epidemiology and spread of genotype II ASFVs circulating in the RF, Europe and Asia.
оСоБенноСти реПЛикаЦии ВируСа аФриканСкоЙ ЧумЫ СВинеЙ В ПриСутСтВии рекомБинантнЫх БеЛкоВ CD2v, pX69R и pE248R ФГБУ «ВНИИЗЖ» федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных», 600901, Владимирская область, г. Владимир, микрорайон Юрьевец, Россия Введение. Африканская чума свиней (АЧС) является особо опасной геморрагической болезнью свиней, которую вызывает крупный ДНК-содержащий вирус семейсмтва Asfaviridae). Поскольку нет эффективных и безопасных вакцин против АЧС, актуально изучение функций белков вируса путём анализа особенностей репликации вируса АЧС в присутствии рекомбинантных белков in vitro. Цель-изучить функции и степень влияния CD2v, pE248R и pX69R на скорость и уровень репродукции вируса АЧС in vitro для разработки подходов к созданию вакцины против АЧС. материал и методы. Использовали вирус АЧС изолят Krasnodar 07/17 и штамм АЧС/ВНИИЗЖ/CV-1. Гены X69R, EP402R и E248R клонировали в векторе pJET1.2/blunt в клетках Е. coli JM-109. Локализацию рекомбинантных белков в клетках CV-1 изучали в реакции прямой иммунофлюоресценции с использованием ФИТЦ-конъюгата поликлональных антител. Уровень репродукции вируса АЧС оценивали в реакции гемадсорбции и в полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. результаты. Сконструированы экспрессирующие рекомбинантные плазмиды pCI-neo/E248R, pCI-neo/EP402R и pCI-neo/Х69R. Определена локализация и подтверждена специфичность полученных белков CD2v, pE248R и pX69R, для которых установлено, что они повышают уровень накопления вируса АЧС на 3-5-е сутки эксперимента на ~1,2-1,5 lgГАдЕ 50 /см 3 по сравнению с отрицательным контролем. обсуждение. В результате анализа установлена важная роль белков CD2v, pX69R и pE248R в репродукции вируса, поскольку они влияют на её уровень. Функция белка pX69R неизвестна, однако в проведённых экспериментах определено его влияние на репродукцию вируса АЧС, проявившееся в увеличении уровня его накопления. Заключение. Данная методология позволяет изучить характер влияния белков с неизвестной функцией на репликацию вируса АЧС.
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