Head Maralla is a non-recognized wetland with diversified flora that becomes focus of current studies. Whole plant or their parts are being used for treating various maladies and they are the integral part of livelihood in the area. Unique species including Osmunda regalis is used for blood and renal diseases purifier. Wild plant resources are key to traditional ethnobotanical knowledge based practices and industrial applications. Current study reports Head Marala inhabitant’s interaction with these resources and identify priorities at species and habitat level for conservation. Four sites viz., River Tavi, Upstream Chenab, River Manawarwala Tavi and Bhalolpur were designated to record traditional knowledge through questionnaire and interviews during field trips. One hundred nineteen (119) plant species were identified belonging to 54 families, of which 87 species were of dicot, 12monocots, 05ferns, and 4 species of bryophytes. Fifty percent of the plant species were utilized as a whole for therapeutic purposes, followed by leaves which had more than 20% usage of total consumption. Ailments viz., urination (14%) followed by cough (8%), cold (7%), stomach (6%), asthma (6%), constipation (5%), laxative (5%), diarrhea (4%) etc., were associated with vegetation. Bronchial disorders, pneumonia, dyspepsia, anthelmintic and kidney stones, etc., were also among other diseases commonly cured by traditional knowledge. Fifteen percent of vegetation contributes as fodder species consumed by local community for livestock while almost 17% of local plants were utilized for industrial purposes like timber, fuel, furniture, wooden pots and sports goods. In conclusion the ecosystem of Head Maralla is a complex of aquatic, terrestrial and agricultural land that is located on climatic and geographical divides, which further add to botanical interest as included many wetland habitats with unique diversity of plants. It is suggested to devise comprehensive conservation strategies to safe indigenous knowledge in systematic way for comprehending ecological services.
Owing to the worldwide spread of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, it is of great concern to search for antimicrobial agents of natural origin. Since the antimicrobial activity of honey was widely documented, the study aimed to evaluate its use comparing with certain medicinal plants extracts as surgical dressing of bovine clow affections. Aqueous extracts of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris), Matricaria chamomilla (M. chamomilla) and Origanum vulgare (O. vulgare) were prepared to be used in vitro and in vivo studies in this work. Clinical aerobic or anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from some clinical surgical bovine clow affections, and were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the prepared extracts against these pathogens.The study concluded that all tested aerobic bacterial strains were inhibited with 10 % of all tested extracts, while the anaerobic strains were inhibited with 10 % of T. vulgaris and 15 % of both O. vulgare and M. chamomilla extracts. According the achieved MICs values, lotions and ointments of the entended medicinal plants were made to be used during the in vivo study as follow: 20 lactating dairy cows suffering from different surgical clow affections were classified to equal four groups (A -D) which were managed with surgical dressing and received: honey (A): T. vulgaris (B), M. chamomilla: (C) and O. vulgare: (D) extracts with their MICs. All cows of groups A & B (no = 10)as well as one cow from group (C) showed complete healing by the day 30 while, none of group (D).The study concluded that with the alternative medical trends, application of honey -as it is -in surgical dressing of bovine digital dermatitis or inter digital necrobacillosis is the most effective valuable economic tool among the four materials studied for its superurity and feasibility followed by the use of T. vulgaris extract 10% in lotion and ointment preparation.
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