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Suicide is the second leading cause of death between the ages of 15 and 29. Most suicides are related to mental illnesses. Suicide is considered a response to predicaments. Due to the growing prevalence of suicide, assessing people's attitudes toward suicide is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Predicaments Questionnaire (PQ), measuring social attitudes toward suicide.Methods:This psychometrics study evaluated face validity, content validity, temporal stability, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis. First, the questionnaire was translated into Persian by the translate-back-translate method. The Persian version was provided to 10 experts in psychiatry for further revision. Two indicators, CVR and CVI, were calculated to evaluate the content validity. To check the face validity, we prepared a form and gave it to 10 people outside the campus to submit their opinions. The results were then given to 10 experts to comment on.Temporal stability was investigated by the test-retest method, reporting Intraclass correlation (ICC). Internal consistency was assessed by reporting Cronbach's alpha and McDonald’s Omega coefficients. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the number of dimensions of the questionnaire. In this analysis, χ2, TLI, CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR indices were calculated. All analyses were performed using SPSS software version 22 and R software version 4.Results:A total of 151 students were enrolled with a mean age of 25 (SD=0.32). The Persian PQ was valid in terms of content validity and face validity. Furthermore, it was reliable as Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s Omega, and the ICC were 0.94, 0.943, and 0.998, respectively. In addition, the exploratory factor analysis yielded one dimension. Finally, after reviewing the experts’ comments, the final amendments were made, and only question 29 was removed from the final version.Conclusion:Consequently, the Persian version of the PQ is acceptable in terms of content validity, face validity, temporal stability, and internal consistency. This questionnaire can be used in future research on Persian-speaking society.

Background Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common valvular heart disease. Since delaying severe MR treatment can lead to left ventricular dysfunction, early MR diagnosis is crucial. Echocardiography is the first-line diagnostic modality for evaluating MR severity. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and newer imaging modalities like cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are growing to be used due to the pitfalls of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). However, these newer modalities have disadvantages, such as high cost, requiring highly-skilled operators, and expensive devices, that make them not widely available in developing countries. We evaluated novel TTE-derived hemodynamic burden parameters of MR to estimate and classify MR severity more precisely. Methods We prospectively enrolled 93 patients with primary MR from April 2022 to August 2022. We obtained the baseline characteristics and the following TTE parameters: mitral valve (MV) velocity-time integral (VTI), left ventricular outlet (LVOT) diameter (D), LVOT VTI, and mitral valve annulus (MVA) diameter. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results A total of 93 MR patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 59.00 (50.50-65.00) were recruited, of whom 38 (40.9%) were female. Of the 93 patients, 29 (31.2%), 29 (31.2%), and 35 (37.6%) were classified into mild, moderate, and severe MR, respectively. The four parameters of MVVTI/LVOTVTI, MVAVTI-index (i), MVAVTI/LVOTDVTI, and E velocity-LA area-i were shown to be significantly different among mild, moderate, and severe MR groups (p-values <0.001). Spearman’s correlation test indicated that MVVTI/LVOTVTI, MVAVTI-i, MVAVTI/LVOTDVTI, and E velocity-LA area-i were highly and significantly correlated with MR severity classification with correlation coefficients of 0.776, 0.672, 0.822, and 0.698, respectively (p-values <0.001). The ROC-curve analysis demonstrated that all parameters were significantly accurate predictors of severe MR diagnosis. The area under curve (AUC) of the MVVTI/LVOTVTI, MVAVTI-i, MVAVTI/LVOTDVTI, and E velocity-LA area-i were 0.976, 0.975, 0.986, and 0.895, respectively (p-values <0.001) Conclusion We introduced novel TTE-derived MR hemodynamic burden indices. These indices were highly correlated with MR severity. Furthermore, they were significantly accurate predictors of severe MR. Proposing such new indices to older measures may improve their predictive value.

While TAVI is widely used, optimal medical therapy to reduce the mortality rate after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of statins on mortality following TAVI. Present systematic review of the literature was performed using Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science; all studies reported all-cause mortality in patients who underwent TAVI and received or did not receive statin therapy. Data were analyzed using random-effects models. Seventeen articles (21 380 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Statin therapy was associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality (Hazard ratio [HR] = .78, 95% Confidence interval [CI] .68–.89, P < .001). Moderate between-study heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 45.2). High-intensity statin therapy was more effective than low or moderate intensity statin therapy in reduction of all-cause mortality (Risk ratio [RR] = .62, 95% CI 0.45–.85, P = .003, I2 = .0). Statin therapy could reduce the mid-term all-cause mortality rate following TAVI. However, all included studies were observational and, therefore, randomized controlled trials are still needed to assess the effect of statin therapy on mortality after TAVI.

Background: This study was conducted to understand and compare the Iranian students’ attitudes toward patients with mental illnesses in different college majors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information about students’ attitudes toward patients with mental illnesses was gathered through “The social distancing” and “The dangerousness” questionnaires. Results: A total of 243 Iranian students in four different college majors: medicine, art, law, and engineering, participated in the study. The “social distance scale” was significantly different between the college majors (p=0.03), as the art students had the least stigmatizing attitude. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the “dangerousness scale” between different college majors (p=0.93). Conclusion: Understanding the attitude of students toward patients with mental illnesses and their differences is vital to perform proper interventions on stigmatizing behaviors for students as future specialists. Also, the underlying reasons for having a less stigmatizing attitude in certain groups should be recognized and employed to reduce stigmatizing attitudes in other groups