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Article Highlights• Larger bubbles are generated in electrolyte solutions compared with water at similar conditions • Increasing the salt concentrations makes the bubbles slightly larger • Bubble diameter decreases with increasing heat flux in all three electrolyte solutions • Larger bubbles appear during boiling of NaCl solutions since it has higher surface tension Abstract Bubble departure diameters during saturated pool boiling to pure water and three different electrolyte solutions including NaCl, KNO 3 and KCl aqueous solutions are experimentally measured. Variable heat fluxes up to 90 kW/m 2 and different salt concentrations from 10.6 to 69.6 kg/m 3 are applied in order to investigate their effects on the bubble size during pool boiling around the horizontal rod heater. Visual observations demonstrate that larger vapor bubbles generate on the heat transfer surface at higher salt concentrations and lower heat fluxes in all of the solutions tested while in distilled water bubbles become slightly larger with increasing heat flux. Furthermore, the effects of different important physical properties like surface tension, viscosity, and density of the solutions on the bubble departure diameter are also discussed. NaCl solutions have surface tension higher than the other electrolyte solutions. Furthermore, the addition of NaCl to distilled water slightly increases the viscosity of the solution whereas other salts have no measurable effect on the viscosity. Therefore, larger bubbles are expected to appear on the heat transfer surface during the boiling of NaCl solutions, which is in agreement with the experimental results.

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Named Entity Recognition is an essential task in natural language processing to detect entities and classify them into predetermined categories. An entity is a meaningful word, or phrase that refers to proper nouns. Named Entities play an important role in different NLP tasks such as Information Extraction, Question Answering and Machine Translation. In Machine Translation, named entities often cause translation failures regardless of local context, affecting the output quality of translation. Annotating named entities is a time-consuming and expensive process especially for low-resource languages. One solution for this problem is to use word alignment methods in bilingual parallel corpora in which just one side has been annotated. The goal is to extract named entities in the target language by using the annotated corpus of the source language. In this paper, we compare the performance of two alignment methods, Grow-diag-final-and and Intersect Symmetrisation heuristics, to exploit the annotation projection of English-Brazilian Portuguese bilingual corpus to detect named entities in Brazilian Portuguese. A NER model that is trained on annotated data extracted from the alignment methods, is used to evaluate the performance of aligners. Experimental results show the Intersect Symmetrisation is able to achieve superior performance scores compared to the Grow-diag-final-and heuristic in Brazilian Portuguese.

Regarding the failures due to corrosion, concern about corrosion damage has been intensified and some tests have been carried out in order to study the effect of corrosion on capability of bending and shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams. For as much as these studies is experimental commonly and using from its results subject to spend time and financial costs, this study is set to analyze behavior of corrosion found reinforced beams, using ABAQUS computer software. For this purpose, the sound reinforced concrete beams is modeled, first and simulating accuracy is confirmed by existing experiment results. Then corrosion found beams with different degrees are modeled by ABAQUS software and their results were compared with experimental results and finally, P-∆ charts are produced and provided for software models. In the way of simulations, effects of corrosion site, amount and intensity of corrosion, concrete compressive strength and bar yielding stress on behavior of reinforced concrete beams under corrosion is examined. In this investigation, the effect of different locations and different corrosion degrees is considered regarding changes which take place in cross section of steel, mechanical characteristics concrete and steel and integrity between steel and concrete.

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The present study analyzes the bending of a simple electro-elastic cylindrical shell by the compound matrix method. The cross-section of the circular cylindrical shell is a non-circular curved shape, with 𝜇𝜇 1 a function of 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵 � and the mode number, where 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵 are the pre-deformation inner and outer radii of the cylindrical shell, and 𝜇𝜇 1 is the ratio of the deformed inner radius to 𝐴𝐴 . In the first step, a numerical model of the problem is developed to obtain specific differential equations. The modeling yields a system of two Ordinary Differential Equations with three boundary conditions of the same type. Next, it is shown that the dependence of 𝜇𝜇 1 to 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵 � has a boundary layer structure. Simple numerical observations were made for bifurcation conditions. The analysis is, in fact, based on the variations of the inner and outer radii 𝐴𝐴 and 𝐵𝐵 , assuming 𝑎𝑎 = 𝜇𝜇 1 𝐴𝐴 and 𝑏𝑏 = 𝜇𝜇 2 𝐵𝐵, and based on the bifurcation of 𝜇𝜇 1 and 𝜇𝜇 2 ratios with respect to radius. For this purpose, the compound matrix method is used to show the validity of the arguments.