Information technology governance (ITG) is recognized as a vital organizational ability to exploit opportunities for innovation and enhance organizational performance. However, the potential of ITG for public sector innovation and performance has not been fully grasped in Pakistani public sector organizations (PakPSOs). This study has presented an explanatory model to investigate the mediating effect of innovation in the relationship between ITG and organizational performance in PakPSOs. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)–based hierarchical component modeling approach has applied to analyze the model by taking sample data from 97 PakPSOs. The results revealed that ITG positively affected innovation and organizational performance. Innovation positively affected organizational performance. Innovation partially mediated the relationship between ITG and organizational performance. The study corroborates the strategic use of information technology (IT) to enhance innovation and organizational performance in this context. The study contributes to the existing knowledge base through a new theoretical model and promotes academic rigor. The results are also significant for the practice as they can help to achieve organizational performance in terms of operational efficiency, transparency in costs and results, planning and decision making, performance monitoring and control, and collaboration and synergy. The other countries operating in a similar environment can also take the benefit of this study.
Acetamiprid is one of the most wide used insecticides over the entire world. Three acetamiprid concentrations, the dependence one (200 ppm) and two other high concentrations (300 and 400 ppm) were used to treated tomato fruits at the final stage of ripening. A daily samples up to 15 days, were examined for their acetamiprid residues. The maximum migration of acetamiprid (systemic) into tomato fruit was observed after three days (1.7, 1.89 and 2.27ppm) of spraying by 200, 300, and 400 ppm. After 7 days of application, the acetamiprid residues are more than five-fold of the Maximum Residue Limit (acetamiprid MRL=0.2 mg/kg). Four groups of male mice (each of 10, control and three treatments) were used to study the effects of acetamiprid on some blood profile parameters. Three selected concentrations of acetamiprid 32, 64 and 128 ppm were used to orally administrate the male mice (0.0064, 0.0128 and 0.0256 mg/mouse daily respectively) under controlled conditions for 28 days. It was found that there was a direct relationship between acetamiprid concentrations and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, catalase, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT and superoxide dismutase level. While, reverse relationships were observed with HDL, LH, FSH, testosterone and acetyl cholinesterase
Rebranding is an important strategy to improve customer satisfaction and confidence with an addition to an extensive business volume. This paper aims to investigate the impact of corporate rebranding on customer satisfaction in the selected study area. The objective was to attain a good understanding of customer satisfaction after rebranding. This paper develops a corporate rebranding framework in the context of the beverage industry. A practical case study in the beverage sector is piloted to check the practicability of the suggested methodology. This study sets out to recognize the impact of corporate rebranding (name, logo, slogan, color, and packaging) on customer satisfaction. Therefore, the study was conducted in three major cities of Pakistan namely Faisalabad, Lahore and Islamabad. A comprehensive well-structured questionnaire was used in the study area and data were collected from 300 conveniently selected customers. The results were analyzed through factor and regression analysis using SPSS software with five points Likert scale. The findings demonstrate that five dimensions of corporate rebranding positively effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the results of this research suggest that companies should examine the impact of corporate rebranding first then enhance sustainable customer satisfaction. This study set the benchmark in corporate journals and differs from other studies with the inclusion of five variables at the same time which are Slogan, Logo, Name, Color and Packaging. This research facilitates those companies which fail to satisfy their customers. Adoption of rebranding strategies can reenergize the industries and set a strategic tool to satisfy their customers. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed framework has been discussed by identifying the challenges faced by the beverage industries and suggests managerial implications for the industry.
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