An upper bound is estimated for the magnitude of potential exposure to nano-TiO 2 with the purpose of enabling exposure assessment and, ultimately, risk assessment. Knowledge of the existing bulk TiO 2 market is combined with available nanoTiO 2 production data to estimate current nano-TiO 2 sources as a baseline. The evolution of nano-TiO 2 production as a percentage of the total TiO 2 market is then projected based on material and market information along with a method that combines observations from scientific articles and patents as predictive indicators of the rate of innovative transformation.
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