Widespread vaccination against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic. Despite the development of safe and efficacious vaccinations, low-and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) continue to encounter barriers to care owing to inequitable access and vaccine apprehension. This study aimed to summarize the available data on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates and factors associated with acceptance in LMICs. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception through August 2021. Quality assessments of the included studies were carried out using the eight-item Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate pooled acceptance rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A total of 83,867 respondents from 33 countries were studied. Most of the studies were conducted in India (n = 9), Egypt (n = 6), Bangladesh (n = 4), or Nigeria (n = 4). The pooled-effect size of the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 58.5% (95% CI: 46.9, 69.7, I2 = 100%, 33 studies) and the pooled vaccine hesitancy rate was 38.2% (95% CI: 27.2–49.7, I2 = 100%, 32 studies). In country-specific sub-group analyses, India showed the highest rates of vaccine acceptancy (76.7%, 95% CI: 65.8–84.9%, I2= 98%), while Egypt showed the lowest rates of vaccine acceptancy (42.6%, 95% CI: 16.6–73.5%, I2= 98%). Being male and perceiving risk of COVID-19 infection were predictors for willingness to accept the vaccine. Increasing vaccine acceptance rates in the global south should be prioritized to advance global vaccination coverage.
This paper proposes the use of a non-immersive virtual reality rehabilitation system “ReHabgame” developed using Microsoft Kinect™ and the Thalmic™ Labs Myo gesture control armband. The ReHabgame was developed based on two third-person video games that provide a feasible possibility of assessing postural control and functional reach tests. It accurately quantifies specific postural control mechanisms including timed standing balance, functional reach tests using real-time anatomical landmark orientation, joint velocity, and acceleration while end trajectories were calculated using an inverse kinematics algorithm. The game was designed to help patients with neurological impairment to be subjected to physiotherapy activity and practice postures of daily activities. The subjective experience of the ReHabgame was studied through the development of an Engagement Questionnaire (EQ) for qualitative, quantitative and Rasch model.The Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Random object (ROG) generator algorithms were used to adapt the physical and gameplay intensity in the ReHabgame based on the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) and Hierarchical Scoring System (HSS). Rasch analysis was conducted to assess the psychometric characteristics of the ReHabgame and to identify if these are any misfitting items in the game.Rasch rating scale model (RSM) was used to assess the engagement of players in the ReHabgame and evaluate the effectiveness and attractiveness of the game. The results showed that the scales assessing the rehabilitation process met Rasch expectations of reliability, and unidimensionality. Infit and outfit mean squares values are in the range of (0.68–1.52) for all considered 16 items. The Root Mean Square Residual (RMSR) and the person separation reliability were acceptable. The item/person map showed that the persons and items were clustered symmetrically.
IntroductionFor decades, acetabular fractures were treated conservatively. Judet et al. in 1960s established the operative treatment of these fractures by continuous improvement of pre-operative evaluation and classification of fractures. Several studies demonstrated that accurate fracture reduction decreases the incidence of post-traumatic arthritis and improves functional outcome.Case SeriesWe report 67 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for acetabular fracture; 44 patients were available for follow-up. In 35 (79.5%) cases, congruent reductions were achieved. The final mean Harris hip score was 81.8 (53-95). Functional outcomes according to Harris score were excellent and good in 31 patients (70.5%).ConclusionsThe results of internal fixation of displaced acetabular fractures in our series were satisfactory.
The aim of this systematic review is to establish the efficacy of revision using distal inflow (RUDI) on the primary endpoints of complete dialysis access steal syndrome (DASS) resolution and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) longevity. An electronic search of literature from 1966 to 2017 in CINAHL, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library according to PRISMA standards was conducted. Quality evaluations and recommendations for practice were examined. Data on power, age, gender, comorbidities, arterial inflow, conduit material, fistulae type, follow-up, failure incidence, ischaemia grade, modality of diagnosis, morbidity and mortality were subjected to pooled analysis of prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Eleven studies involving 130 individuals with a median age of 57 [interquartile ranges (IQR), 54–65] and equal gender distribution were conducted. Of the patients with diabetes mellitus (67.3%), the most common type of AVF with DASS was brachiocephalic AVF (73.7%). Overall, the prevalence of success was 82.0% (95%CI, 74.4%–89.6%) over 12 months (IQR, 1–40 months). Grade 3 ischaemia was the most common type of DASS (49.2%). Grade 4 had the worst outcomes compared with grades 2 and 3. The overall morbidity was 3% with no mortality. Overall, RUDI is an effective treatment for various grades of DASS and their longevity.
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