Bayoud caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (Foa), is the most destructive disease of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Morocco and Algeria and there is no effective control strategy. We found that although Foa isolates vary morphologically, Foa strains can be identified by species-specific primers. PCR analysis revealed that the strains that we isolated from infected date palm rachis were the Bayoud pathogen Foa. We used these strains to evaluate the antifungal activity of tar extracted from Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana. The A. raddiana tar had a density of 1.15, a refraction index of 1.3850, a pH of 5.2 and a dried matter ratio of 48.75%. The A. raddiana tar effectively inhibited the growth of Foa in vitro with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3 µg/ml.
Vegetable tars are newly formed resinous products extracted by pyrolysis from wood or bark. Since prehistoric times, they have been used for their adhesive, water-repellent, repellent and finally medicinal properties. This work investigated the use of these vegetable tars as sources of bio-fungicides. The physicochemical properties of the tars obtained in the labor-atories showed a significant yield of 1.22%, 0.66% and 0.51% respectively for the wood of (Jeniperus phoenicea, Olea europeae sylvestris and Acacia torti-lis Sub raddiana). They also showed a density value of 1.22 and a refractive index of about 1.5115 for J.phoenicea, an acid number of 0.39 and a dry matter ratio of 19.86% for A. tortilis Sub raddiana. Considerable antifungal activity of the acetate of three tars against certain fungal phytopathogens (Fusarium) was observed with the most remarkable MIC values ranging from 0.1 mg / ml to 0.46 mg / ml. The J. phoenicea extracts were more active against F. oxysporum f sp albedinis (FOA) strains. The growth of F. solani was more sensitive to acetate extracts from O. europeae. Dichloromethane ex-tracts of A. tortilis Sub raddiana yielded with an average MIC of 0.16 and 1.02 mg / ml, respectively for strains of F. oxysporum and F. graminearum. The bioautography test revealed the presence of 3 antifusaric molecules of interest. These MIC results further merit in vivo tests for the development of future biofungicides.
The aim of this study was to investigate chemical and microbial characteristics of date from two varieties cultivated in Igli, and Tamtert, region to assess the effect of date moth on their nutritional and microbiological quality. The results show that date flesh of examined cultivars have a high content of sugars (85-64%) and low concentrations of protein (1,05-0,62%), ash(1,83-1,99%) and fats (0,22-0,54%) on dry matter basis, The protein content of infested dates was greater than that of unscathed. For mineral content, Potassium is the most abundant element (455,0mg/100g), followed by sodium (260,2mg/100g), and iron (204 mg/100g), while zinc is present in very small amounts (0,97 mg/100g). The results reveal that the bacteriological quality of both studied varieties, are conforms to international standards; additionally, there is no significant difference in bacterial quality between unscathed and infested dates. Furthermore, dates exposed to date moth infestation, which results in fungal contamination. The development of this fungal flora under suitable conditions (temperature, humidity, pH, etc.) can have negative effects by altering the organoleptic properties and decreasing the nutritive quality.
Saoura, is an Algerian desert region, characterized by a height density of date palm trees (more than 300000).Despite this high density, the produc-tion of dates has seen a continuous decrease due to multiple reasons includ-ing increasing water salinity, the spread of many fungal diseases and insect pests where the most serious is Parlatoria blanchardi. The random use of Malathion during the invasions of desert locusts caused an ecological imbal-ance, where the majority of the natural enemies of date palm scale (DPS) disappeared, as consequence the population of DPS expanded increasingly. This study aims to find alternative methods to control pests taking into con-sideration the ecological balance. For this purpose, three entomofauna in-ventories were carried out to study the dynamics of insect populations and for introduction and acclimatization of new auxiliary insects to biocontrol the large infestation of DPS. we also looked to find a biodegradable insecticide extracted from Citrullus colocynthis (desert plant pariah by insects due to its toxicity). By comparing the results we noticed that effectiveness of the colo-cynth aquatic extracts on the target insect was as high as 65.99 % however it’s side effects on ecosystem were negligible unlike Malathion which exter-minated over than 301 non-target insects where 68% are useful such as bees, butterflies, some entomophagous insects and even some vertebrate such as Oenanthe leucopyga. Finally, a phytochemical screening and toxico-logical studies are recommended to determine exactly which component in colocynth is more effective on DPS and its undesirable effect on human health.
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