Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are prepared by sol-gel process, using both polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as surfactant and propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) as capping agent. Surface modification is performed in situ procedure. The physical parameters such as strain and stress values are calculated via the Williamson-Hall plot (W&H) assuming a uniform deformation model (UDM) and uniform stress deformation model, and by the size and strain plot method (SSP). The results show that the crystallite size estimated from Scherrer's formula, (W&H), (UDM), (SSP) and the particle size estimated from DSL are inter-correlated, which confirm the small size and the isotropic nature of our ZnO NPs. The FTIR spectroscopy illustrates that PEG-400 and PTMS could be adsorbed at the ZnO NPs surface. The distinct emission peak in the blue band is located at 490 nm and E 2 (high) mode is situated at 436 cm -1 . Both results confirm the oxygen deficiency in the ZnO NPs.
Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 293 K; mean (C-C) = 0.005 Å; R factor = 0.059; wR factor = 0.185; data-to-parameter ratio = 14.1.The title zwitterion,, C 16 H 11 ClN 2 O, is approximately planar, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and naphthalene ring system is 1.55 (13) ; an intramolecular N-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bond stabilizes the planar conformation. In the crystal, -stacking between the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring system of adjacent molecules links the molecules into supramolecular chains running along the b axis, the centroid-centroid distance being 3.765 (2) Å .
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Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 150 K; mean (C-C) = 0.004 Å; R factor = 0.043; wR factor = 0.120; data-to-parameter ratio = 12.8.The title compound, C 18 H 14 N 2 O 2 , crystallized with two independent zwitterion molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit. They are both close to planar, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and naphthalene ring system being 4.30 (9) in A and 4.69 (9) in B. Each molecule has an E conformation with respect to the azo double bond. In each of the independent molecules, an intramolecular N-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bonds, forming -A-A-A-and -B-B-B-chains parallel to one another and propagating along the a-axis direction. There are alsointeractions between adjacent molecules involving benzene and naphthalene rings [centroid-centroid distance of 3.626 (3) Å for adjacent A molecules and 3.652 (3) Å for adjacent B molecules].
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The non-H atoms of the title compound, C20H20N2O2, is located on a mirror plane except two methyl groups of the tert-butyl group. Intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds exist between the hydroxy and diazenyl groups. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into supramolecular chains running along the a-axis direction.
In the title compound, C16H12N2O, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene ring and naphthalenone ring system is 1.89 (8)°; an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs between the imino group and the carbonyl group. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯π interactions into supramolecular chains propagating along the [01-1] direction.
The title compound, C16H11N3O3, belongs to the family of azo dyes. In the light of a single-crystal X-ray study, it is evident that of the tautomeric forms (azo–hydrazone), the hydrazone form is the predominant form in the solid state, namely, (1E)-1-[2-(3-nitrophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-2-one. The naphthol and benzene fragments attached to the –N=N– moiety adopt the s-trans conformation. Furthermore, the molecules are nearly coplanar, subtending a dihedral angle of 2.63 (5)°. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond occurs. There are only two types of intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure: strong hydrogen-bonding C—H...O interactions and π–π stacking interactions. The importance of C—H...O interactions in the molecular packing is reflected by the relatively high contributions (28.5%) made by O...H/H...O contacts to the Hirshfeld surface.
The crystal structure of the title compound, C 16 H 13 N 3 O 3 S, shows that the two independent zwitterions in the asymmetric unit are approximately planar. Intramolecular N-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bonds occur and the aromatic rings have a trans configuration with respect to the azo double bond. In the crystal, the molecules are linked via N-HÁ Á ÁO hydrogen bonds and -stacking, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular network, the -stacking interactions between adjacent benzene and naphthalene rings having centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.764 (3) and 3.775 (3) Å .
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