Autoimmunity is a condition in which the immune system cannot recognize the self from nonself-antigens. Autoimmunity is relatively more common in females than males. The process of embryo implantation is considered the most significant restricting factor in female reproduction. The immunological system of the females may affect the success or failure of pregnancy by its effect on extremely important steps from ovulation to implantation processes, thus ensuring the importance of autoimmunity for women in sub-fertility. The association between autoimmunity and female reproduction receives increased attention nowadays. A successful conception is a result of multiple complex interactions between the developed embryo and the receptive uterus and is usually under immune-hormonal control. In certain circumstances, the female ovary can be a target of an autoimmune attack, like some organ-specific or systemic autoimmune disorders subsequently resulting in clinically significant ovarian dysfunction, implantation failure, and sub-fertility. Consequently, the effect of a specific auto-antibody on the etiology of infertility remains unknown. This review focused on auto-antibodies that may affect female fertility.
—With the increasing connection of large wind farms based on direct driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) to weak AC grids, the steady state characteristics of such wind farms, particularly those connected to very weak AC systems with a Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) of 1, are important factors for analysis with a view to improvement. In this paper, the issue is thus analysed in order to identify the factors limiting transfer capability from wind farm output. This paper thus presents a simulation model of a wind farm connected to a very weak AC grid, and a vector control strategy is used with respect to the full power converters of the wind farm in order to track current order injected from the converters into the AC system. A supplementary outer loop control is proposed to support grid voltage and to maximise transferred power into the very weak AC grid, based on a droop gain which is allowed to update the reactive power reference for reactive power control for the grid side converter based on changes to the output of the wind turbine, within grid code requirements. The simulation results prove that the proposed control system offers a promising method for addressing challenges arising in active power transmission, and thus increasing transferred active power from such wind farms to very weak grids.
Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX) is the most widely used disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA, medication adherence is variable and sub-optimal. Poor adherence affects 20-70% of patients. Adherence to MTX is the key to attaining the goal of low disease activity or disease remission. The aim of the study is to determine adherence of RA patients to MTX when used as a monotherapy and when combined with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and to look for the factors that may positively and negatively affect adherence. Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted at Rheumatology Clinic/Baghdad Teaching Hospital over a period from January-June 2020. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with RA according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League against Rheumatism (EULAR), 2010 criteria are included. All were on MTX for more than 3 months. A questionnaire was used to collect information from them. Results: Young age, middle-high educational level and good socio-economic state increase the regular MTX intake and thus improve the adherence. Long duration of the disease and treatment, oral and combination therapy decrease the patients’ adherence. Conclusion: Non-adherence to MTX is noted frequently in RA patients and variable factors tend to affect adherence. Multiple factors encourage or discourage the continuity of MTX intake, some are related to patients themselves while others are related to the course of the disease or MTX itself.
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