An experiment with 25 growing goats (in 5 groups) were fed four different tree forage based diets (B,C,D,E) and control A showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences in DM , ME and DCP intakes. Although there were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and ADF but intake of these nutrients were significantly (p<0.05) differed among the treatments. There were no significant differences in the digestibility of diets having different forages but they were significantly higher than that of grass based control diet. Feeding of tree forages had significant (p<0.05) effect on live weight gain of goats. Animals fed tree forage based diets significantly (p<0.05) increased weight gain (60.03, 59.10, 57.75 and 55.57 g/d for Sesbania grandiflora, Leucaena leucocephala, Erythrina orientalis and Morus alba, respectively) compared to that of control group (39.25 g/d) . However, there were no significant differences in weight gain of the animals fed different tree forage based diets. Feed conversion efficiency (kg feed/kg gain) also showed that animals fed tree forage based diets presented significantly (p<0.01) higher efficiency (11.74, 12.05, 12.21 and 12.02) for L. leucocephala, E. orientalis, S. grandiflora and M. alba compared to that (16.00) of fed control diet. Nitrogen balance trial showed that there were significant (p<0.05) differences among the mean values in terms of total N intake (g/d), nitrogen retention (%) and nitrogen balance (g/d). It may be concluded that supplementation of diets with tree forages resulted in better weight gain, digestibility and nitrogen balance compared to green grass. So, the diets of goats may be supplemented with tree forages of S. grandiflora, L. leucocephala, E. orientalis and M. alba for improved growth performance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 209-215
Ebadi Ali Akbar, Hallajian M.T. and M. Kordrostami (2019): The genetic variation and stability analysis of rice mutant lines using Vol 51, No.2,[687][688][689][690][691][692][693][694][695][696][697][698][699] This study was conducted to investigate the genotype × environment interaction and stability analysis of 14 mutant lines (with their parental lines). The study was designed for two years, 2015-2016, in two environmental conditions, normal and drought stress, in Rasht. Based on the results of combined analysis of variance, genotype, environment, and genotype × environment effects were significant at 1% probability level. The significance of the environmental effect indicates that the environments were different in terms of genotypes performance. Therefore, the stability analysis was performed with different methods of measuring stability. The results of ANOVA for the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) showed the genotype and environment main effects and genotype × environment effects were significant at 1% probability level. Based on the AMMI results, TM6-230-VE-7-5-1, TM6-230-VE-8-4-1, Khazar, and KM5-200-4-2-1 had a positive and negative interaction, respectively. HM5-300-5-1, HM5-250-12-1, TM6-B-19-2 were selected as the stable genotypes. Stability analysis determined through AMMI stability value (ASV) method showed HM5-250-12-1, Tarom, HM5-250-E-1-1, TM6-B-19-2, Hashemi and HM5-300-5-1 with the least stability value were introduced as the most stable cultivars.
Wild abortive type of cytoplasmic male sterility (WA-CMS) is commercially used for hybrid rice seed production. The linked markers can be used for selection of plants with desirable traits. Tagging of Rf genes was carried out using recessive and dominant class analysis in a large F2 population from the cross IR58025A×IR42686R. Pollen fertility and seed setting were evaluated at the flowering and maturity stages, respectively. Forty-seven highly sterile and 23 fertile homozygous plants were selected from F2 population for molecular marker assay. Four Rf genes identified in a good restorer line with high-quality derived from a random mating composite population at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The genetic distance from Rf3 locus with flanking markers RM443 and RM315 on chromosome 1 was 3.7 and 21.2 cM, respectively. RM258, RM591, RM271 and RM6737 on the long arm of chromosome 10 were linked with the Rf6 gene with distance of 7.4, 22.6, 6 and 2.9 cM, respectively. Rf6 was flanked by RM6737 and RM591. The Rf4 gene located on chromosome 7 was linked with RM6344 at a genetic distance of 10.6 cM. RM519 and RM7003 were linked with other Rf gene on chromosome 12 at a genetic distance of 8.5 and 20.8 cM, respectively. Closely linked markers identified in this study could be used for marker assisted selection in a hybrid rice breeding program. A new Rf locus on chromosome 12 that designated Rf7 was linked with RM7003 and RM519.
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating infectious disease causing a severe challenge to public health, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine genetic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in the Balochistan region of Pakistan. Methodology: One hundred isolates collected from patients visiting the Fatima Jinnah TB Hospital in Quetta were subjected to genotype analysis by spoligotyping. Results: Three main genotypes were identified: Central Asian Strain 1 (CAS1) (n = 89), East African Indian (EAI) strain (n = 7) and Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) strain (n = 3). The CAS1 clade (ST 26) had high genetic diversity represented by seven different spoligopatterns, of which one had major predominace (n = 75). Conclusions: This is the first insight into the genotype of M. tuberculosis strains in the Balochistan region that might serve as a base line study for control of tuberculosis in the community.
In this study, QTLs controlling traits related to crop and grain yield were mapped using 140 recombinant inbred lines (F9 and F10) along with 4 control genotypes in anaugment experiment based on a randomized complete block design in 2consecutive years. Population linkage map was consisted of 170 SSR3 / 2132 centimorgan (cM) markers of rice genome, and mean distance between adjacent markers was equal to 12.47 centimorgan (cM). Composite Interval Mapping analysis was done for studying number of days to flowering in the first year, a QTL was identified on chromosome 3 and in the second year, three QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, and 7, which were common on chromosome 3 in both years. Regarding plant height in the first and second years, a QTL was mapped on chromosome 1, which was similar in both years. In terms of number of tillers in the first year, four QTLs were identified on chromosomes 4 and 12 and in the second year two QTLs were identified on chromosomes 11 and 12, and regarding panicle length in the first year, one QTL was identified on chromosome 6 and in the second year two QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2 and 4, and in terms of flag leaf length in the first year, two QTLs were identified on chromosomes 6 and 7 and in the second year two QTLs were identified on chromosome 7.With respect to flag leaf width in the first year, two QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1and 3, and in the second year, one QTL was identified on chromosome 11, and in relation to Panicle exertion in the first year, three QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, and 8, and in the second year, two QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1 and 2.In regard to yield in the first year, one QTL was identified on chromosome 2 and in the second year, two QTLs were identified on chromosome 2. Also, clusters of genes were identified by Interval Mapping in the population with respect to different traits on chromosomes 1 (two cases) and 12 (one case).
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