A large number of plant and weed species produce secondary metabolites known as allelochemicals, and the process is known as allelopathy. Allelochemicals can be used to control weeds in agricultural systems by using allelopathic crops for intercropping, crop rotation, or mulching. A few important examples of crop species with high allelopathic potential may include (but not limited to) wheat, rice, sorghum, rye, barley, and sunflower. The naturally produced allelochemicals in these crops could be manipulated to suppress weeds and witness an environment-friendly and sustainable agricultural production system. The objective of this article is to review the opportunities for using allelopathy to enhance overall potentiality of weeds and crops in natural weed management. Allelopathy is the beneficial or adverse effect of one plant on another due to direct or indirect release of chemicals from live or dead plants (including microorganisms). Although we cannot discard use of synthetic herbicides completely at the present situation but their use can be reduced up to a specific extent by using allelopathic potentiality as a preferred weed management strategy for crop production as well as environmental benefits.
Gajjar grass, Parthenium hysterophorus L., from the family Asteraceae (tribe: Heliantheae), is a vertical and densely branched annual herb well-known for its environmental, medical, and agricultural hazard. It is thought to have been familiarized into India and Australia from North America and in the previous few years the weed has appeared as the utmost distressing weed in Africa, Asia, and Australia. Many scientists employed biological methods like insects, fungi, trees and crop plants which were creating harm to P. hysterphorus, but found the allelopathy as the most efficient method to control the parthenium as well as other weeds. Scientists are doing experiments to use allelopathic potential of plants for weed management. It has been shown in researches that the extracts and residues of many allelopathic plant species (herbs, grasses and trees) effectively reduce the germination and growth of parthenium. The purpose of this review is to summarize all the general information about biological management of this noxious weed. Parthenium control has been attempted using a variety of methods, but no sole administration choice would be suitable to cope Parthenium, and there is a need to assimilate numerous management choices. The only way to successfully manage this weed is through a comprehensive mechanism that includes bio-control as a major component.
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