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This study was done during the period between October to December 2018. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plants Daucus carota (seeds), Rheum ribes (roots), Rumex vesicarius (leaves) and Punica granatum (peels) were tested against some clinical isolate of Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Helicobacter pylori and Klebsiella pneumonia), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus mutans) and against some pathogenic fungi Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum audouinii that get from Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital. The result showed P. granatum have the highest antibacterial activity against all bacterial isolates under study than other extracts, the diameters ranged between (24.4-31.3) mm followed with the D. carota extracts which the diameters ranged between (20.4-28.5) mm, also the result obtained that the most inhibition percentage against fungal isolates was with P. granatum extract which ranged between (64.5-68.6) %, followed with D. carota extract which ranged between (60.7-63.4) %.

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The study involved 70 nasal swab collected from people suffering from sinusitis and consulted the Ear, Nose and Throat Unit in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, Iraq during the period from 12 June to 12 August 2016 with ages ranging from 0-65 years old. The results showed that the number of nasal swabs that gave fungal growth was 36/70 (51.428%); highest percentage of fungal infection was recorded in ages ranging from 11-20 years old 8(80%), followed by above 60 years old 7(70%) and lowest infection was in 51-60 years old 3(30%) when compared. A total of 43 fungal isolates were identified and the isolates belong to 7 genera comprising of Penicillium spp. with 16 isolates, Aspergillus spp. with 14 isolates (mainly A. niger= 7, A. flavus= 5 and A. fumigates= 2), Cladosporium spp. with 4 isolates, Rhizopus spp. 3 isolates, Sporothrix schenckii 3 isolates, Mucor spp. 2 isolates and Fusarium spp. 1 isolate. Penicillium spp. occurred with the highest frequency percentage of (37.209%), followed by A. niger (16.279%) and A. flavus (11.627%) with significant differences when compared with other fungi isolated in this study while the lowest percentage frequency was recorded for Fusarium spp. (2.325%). Potassium sorbate and Sodium benzoate have high inhibitory activity against the growth of all fungi studied and increases in their concentration caused corresponding increases in their percentage inhibition of fungal growth which ranged at concentration 1000 mg/L of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate between (90.7-94.5%) and (91.2-95.8%) respectively.

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