The study investigated serum endosulfan changes resulting from occupational exposure to the pesticide on farms. Eight applicators and 17 non-applicators were tested (serum endosulfan, anthropometry, short exposure questionnaire) before and after the first day of seasonal spraying. Task-based job exposure matrix (JEM) estimates were calculated. Mean baseline serum endosulfan (530 +/- 0.05 microg/L) was high. Increases in post-spraying endosulfan levels (IPSE) were higher in applicators (mean = 60 +/- 90 microg/L) than in non-applicators (mean = 3.5 x 10(- 6)+/- 90.0 microg/L) adjusting for age (beta = 54.0, p = 0.162, R(2) = 0.22). There was a weak positive relationship between IPSE and JEM estimates. IPSE occurred in applicators and non-applicators and were higher in applicators. The validity of the JEM weightings and characterization of other routes of pesticide exposure require further investigation.
BACKGROUND-South African pesticide market sales data, for two years, 1994 and 1999, were audited to identify change in total and per hectare mass sold and acute toxicity indicator (ATI) (kg sold/rat oral LD50) in the grape, pome, stone fruit, potato and wheat sectors.
The study provides evidence that use of wood likely to contain CCA as a fuel for informal food outlets and household purposes may increase the absorption of inorganic As, Cu and Cr.
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