A 7-year-old intact male pitbull presented with a 2-month history of progressive dysequilibrium. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was indicative of a central inflammatory or neoplastic disorder. A cerebellar cystic structure was identified on magnetic resonance imaging which was found to be an epidermoid cyst on histopathology.

The purpose of this review is to discuss the issue of subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in pork production and possible alternatives. Specifically, the review describes the potential problem of antibiotic resistance and reviews disease prevention and immune potentiation strategies as alternatives to subtherapeutic antibiotics. In recent years, the use of in-feed subtherapeutic antibiotics by the pork industry for growth promotion and disease prophylaxis has come under increased scrutiny. The potential risk of bacteria acquiring resistance to specific antibiotics and the detrimental effects that this may have on human health has resulted in the banning of certain antibiotics in some European countries. Despite the current interest in the reduction or elimination of subtherapeutic antibiotic use in livestock production, there may be a risk that such a reduction or elimination would have negative effects on animal welfare, nutrient utilization, manure production and economic sustainability. A number of alternatives to subtherapeutic antibiotics appear promising; however, more research is required before they can be considered viable commercial products. Consequently, a systems approach involving nutrition, bacteriology, immunology, pathology and herd management is needed to find a cost-effective and practical way to maximize the efficient production of high-quality pork without the use of subtherapeutic antibiotics. Key words: Pig, pork production, subtherapeutic antibiotics, alternatives

Abstract.A bilateral, locally invasive renal oncocytoma was diagnosed in a 10-year-old spayed female Greyhound dog. The diagnosis was based on positive staining of the tumor with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction prior to diastase treatment, on the immunohistochemical expression of cytoplasmic cytokeratin, and on the prominence of mitochondria in the tumor cells.

Many different species of the order Carnivora are susceptible to canine distemper, and the mortality rate varies greatly among species. 1,13 The binturong or bear cat (Arctictis binturong, family Viverridae) has grizzled gray-black, coarse, swirled hair and is unique in its family in possessing a partially prehensile tail. 14 Reports of susceptibility of the binturong to canine distemper are based on clinical observations, but there has been no recovery of the virus or histopathologic documentation of infection. 2 This report documents the light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical findings of canine distemper in binturongs.Four males (ages 1, 2.5, 2, and 7 years) of 7 binturong in a private collection exhibited clinical signs of anorexia and lethargy for 2 weeks and then died. Initially, the binturong passed blood and mucus in feces, followed by mucoid discharge from the eyes and nose. Footpads of all affected animals were thickened. The referring veterinarian treated the affected animals symptomatically. None of the binturong in the collection had been vaccinated for canine distemper. Serum from 1 of the affected animals that had been collected and banked prior to the time of illness was submitted for evaluation of the canine distemper virus (CDV) antibody titer. aThe animals were submitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Florida for necropsy. Tissues obtained at necropsy were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Luxol-fast blue. Lung and footpad sections were submitted for immunofluorescence testing, and frozen tissues were submitted for virus isolation. b,c For transmission electron microscopy, formalin-fixed tissues were cut into 1-mm-square blocks and postfixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. Ultrathin sections were stained with 2% uranyl acetate and Reynolds lead citrate.Grossly, lungs were diffusely red and tan with pleural petechiae and consolidation of the cranioventral portions. Footpads were thickened, with marked hyperkeratosis and scaling of the epidermis (Fig. 1). Mild congestion of the stomach and small intestine was noted. An attempt to isolate virus from the lung was unsuccessful in 3 animals. In addition, serum titers for IgG and IgM performed on 1 of the affected animals were interpreted as negative for CDV infection.All the binturong had interstitial pneumonia and suppurative bronchopneumonia of varying severity. Necrosis, attenuation, and loss of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells and less commonly hyperplasia were seen. Alveolar septa From the Departments of Pathobiology (Chandra, Ginn, Terrell, Adjiri-Awere, Homer) and Wildlife and Zoological Medicine (Dennis), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, and Micanopy Animal Hospital, Micanopy, FL 32667 (Ferguson).were lined by hyperplastic type II pneumocytes and thick hyaline membranes, and septa were expanded by a proteinaceous substance, macrophages, and lym...

3086 Background: In clinical trials certain Hsp90 inhibitors, including AUY922, SNX-5422, and 17-DMAG have caused visual symptoms suggesting retinal dysfunction; others, including ganetespib and 17-AAG, have not. Previous animal toxicology experiments have suggested that retinal changes may be linked to photoreceptor degeneration or cell death. Here histopathologic changes and/or exposure profiles of Hsp90 inhibitors with or without clinical reports of ocular toxicity were evaluated to understand the observed differences in toxicity profile between agents in this class. Methods: We reviewed visual symptoms among subjects administered ganetespib, a potent Hsp90 inhibitor currently in phase II trials; evaluated retinal morphology in rats and cyno monkeys given ganetespib; and compared TUNEL-positive photoreceptors and drug exposure profiles in the retina of rats treated with AUY922, 17-DMAG, and 17-AAG. Studies of ganetespib’s retinal pharmacokinetics and photoreceptor toxicity in rats are ongoing. Results: AUY922 and 17-DMAG induce visual disorders in the clinic. Both drugs induced marked photoreceptor cell death (increased TUNEL-positive cells) in rats with a high retina/plasma (R/P) exposure ratio, and a slow elimination rate (at 6 h post-dose, over 54% of AUY922 present at 30 min remained in the retina). In contrast, and consistent with an absence of clinical visual changes, 17-AAG at the maximum tolerated dose did not elicit photoreceptor injury. Further, retinal elimination was rapid (at 6 h post-dose, 94% of 17-AAG had been eliminated from the retina, resulting in a low R/P ratio). Ganetespib given by 1‑hour IV infusion on days 1 and 15 of four 21-day cycles did not cause histopathological changes in the retina of rats or cynos. This finding is consistent with very low rate (~3%) of drug-related visual symptoms observed among over 300 subjects to date that received ganetespib in the clinic. Conclusions: Unlike AUY922 and 17-DMAG, ganetespib is not associated with ocular toxicity in humans, primates, or rodents. The findings suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors may elicit visual disorders when associated with high retina/plasma exposure ratio and lower retinal elimination rate.