Production cost assessment was based on palm oil mill of 30 metrics tons FFB/h capacity that produced EFB residue at app. 20 % wt of the initial FFB fed to the plant. The bio-oil plant will be located in the palm oil mill complex to eliminate the transportation cost of the EFB feedstock. The process included in this calculation is chopping, drying, grinding, pyrolysis, solid removal, bio oil recovery, and storage. The production cost is influenced by the amount of bio-oil production, material cost, operational cost including labor and utility cost. The sensitivity analysis shows that feedstock price drives the production cost. The result concludes that for the current condition, the bio-oil production cost from palm empty fruit bunch seems promising to be implemented in Indonesia. The best option is to have the bio-oil plant integrated with the palm oil mill, where in this case the EFB can be kept at no cost, off the market influence.
Solid waste from a palm oil plant in Indonesia is a tremendous potential for power generation, especially on Riau-Sumatra. The potential of electrical energy that can generate is determined by measuring or calculating the calorific value and amount of solid waste palm oil available. To be burned in the boiler continuously and more efficiently, the solid waste water content of palm oil must reduce to no more than 30%. The conservative substantial waste palm oil calorific value (HHV) is 3,500 kcal/kg. As a result, the mass and power plant balance are capable of producing a gross power of 4.6 MW using 80% efficient fluidised bed boilers and a steam turbine capacity of 5 MW with an isentropic efficiency of 85% with assumption percentages combination fibre: 30 % shell: 70 % fibre. The environmental impacts of power generation from empty fruit bunch (EFB) based on steam turbine generator technology evaluated. The results revealed that EFB utilisation for power generation is environmental friendly than fossil fuel power plants regarding global warming potential and acidification potential with GWP are 89.5 kg CO2 eq per MWh, and 0.515 kg SO2 eq per MWh. Also, the financial analysis of the Biomass Power Plant with a lifetime duration of 25 years, which the project is feasible to implement because IRR is 22.70%, higher than Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) which amounted to 15.61%.
Most coal-fired power plants in Indonesia use medium and low-rank coal due to coal availability in the domestic coal market. Because of technical and economic reasons, single coal as fuel is rarely used in coal-fired power plants. Therefore the coal blending method is used. Here, the most dominant technical requirement of a coal-fired power plant is the calorific value and potential of slagging and fouling. For this reason, a selection method that involves the technical aspect of coal and coal procurement cost is carried out. This study found that from 42 types of alternative coal blend made, 18 types fulfill the potential of slagging and fouling criteria. 12 type coal blends could be prioritized as the main alternative because they fulfilled all technical aspects and coal procurement costs. The conclusion obtained from this study is the completion of the search for alternative coal blends based on technical aspects, especially slagging and fouling and procurement cost, to effectively obtain blending priority. This method can be developed for different coal-fired power plant technology and operation condition.
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