Scartichthys viridis maintains a herbivorous diet following recruitment to rocky intertidal areas, where it consumes almost exclusively macroalgae. The sheet-like green macroalgae Ulva and Enteromorpha were the main items consumed by individuals <130 mm L T . The tough branching red macroalga Gelidium made the bulk of the gut contents of specimens >220 mm L T , Ulva being consumed to a much lesser extent. Further, Gelidium increased in importance in the total gut contents during ontogeny. In contrast, both small (70-120 mm L T ) and medium-sized (140-210 mm L T ) S. viridis individuals preferred Ulva in the laboratory. It is suggested that the increasing consumption of Gelidium along the ontogeny of S. viridis results from the limited availability of Ulva in the field. Large S. viridis individuals possessed longer guts relative to their body length, in comparison with small individuals. 2000 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

RESUMENLa precordillera de la I Región de Chile (18º 15´S -69º 33´W) es una franja que recibe efectos tanto del adyacente desierto ubicado hacia el poniente a menor altitud, como del Altiplano, el piso superior con el cual limita hacia el oriente. La vegetación en el área presenta, en consecuencia, una variación altitudinal, donde la precordillera se ubica en el segundo de cuatro pisos denominado comúnmente tolar o estepa arbustiva pre-altiplánica (sensu Gajardo). En esta zona 10 parcelas fueron muestreadas mediante el uso de transectos, en cuatro trabajos en terreno durante el año 2002 y 2003. En ellas se investigó acerca de las formas de vida, cobertura vegetal absoluta y relativa, diversidad y riqueza de especies vegetales vasculares en un período anterior y posterior a la época de lluvias estivales (estación seca y estación húmeda). La precipitación estival del año 2002 fue 203 mm, un monto normal para la región, mientras que el año 2003 la precipitación estival fue menor e igual a 84,7 mm (inferior al 50% del promedio de la última década a esa fecha). La amplia mayoría de especies vegetales vasculares encontradas (92,9 %) es de origen nativo (n= 98 especies) y sus principales formas de vida son caméfitas, nanofanerófitas y hemicriptófitas. Los resultados de los transectos presentaron patrones de estacionalidad; arrojaron mayor cobertura, riqueza de especies y mayores índices de biodiversidad durante la estación húmeda respecto a la seca. En la estación seca nanofanerófitas y caméfitas, principalmente tolas (de la voz aymara t´ola que significa arbusto), son las formas de vida más abundantes, mientras que en la estación húmeda se suman las terófitas y hemicriptófitas herbáceas. El cambio proporcional de cobertura vegetal entre estaciones húmeda y seca, así como la participación relativa de terófitas se vieron disminuidos durante el año 2003, precedido por menor precipitación estival que el año 2002.PALABRAS CLAVES: Altiplano, vegetación, formas de vida, lluvias estivales. ABSTRACTThe pre-andean mountains of the northern Chile (18º 15´S -69º 33´W) corresponds to a narrow strip which is affected by the desert at lower altitud to the west, and the Altiplano, a higher plateau at the east. The vegetation in the area also presents an altitudinal variation, and the pre-andean mountains constitutes the second of four altitudinal floors, commonly called tolar or pre-altiplano shrubland (sensu Gajardo). Ten sampling sites were studied for life forms of plants, absolute and relative vegetal cover, plant diversity and species richness of vascular plants before and after summer rainfall (dry and wet season) in four expeditions during 2002 and 2003 by using transects. The summer rainfall in 2002 was 203 mm, considered a normal precipitation for the region, whereas the following year presented a lower amount of rain of 84.7 mm (less than 50% of normal summer rain for the area). The majority of the species of plants (92,9 %) were native (total n=98 species) and the most abundant life forms were chamaephytes, nanophanerophyt...

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A.E. Muñoz, and J.A. Simonetti. 2013. Diet of guanaco in sheep-free rangeland in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. 40(1):185-191. Guanaco (Lama guanicoe), the only native ungulate of Tierra del Fuego, uses the forests more extensively after the introduction of sheep. It is presumed that the regeneration of lenga (Nothofagus pumilio) is hampered by guanaco browsing. In this context, the diet of guanaco in Tierra del Fuego was evaluated through a microhistological analysis of feces in a livestock-free area dominated by lenga forest. Guanacos behaved largely as herbivorous grazers and exhibited seasonal variations in their grazing habits. Compared to other studies in Tierra del Fuego, which were conducted in areas where sheep and guanaco grazed together, we reported that the guanacos avoided and consumed fewer trees. These results have management implications, as the proper management of livestock could reduce the potential effects of the guanacos upon the lenga forests.

Bats are one of the least-studied vertebrate groups in Chile. We sampled six fruit farms in the Mediterranean-climate zone and three in a semiarid zone during 2015 and 2016, respectively. We assessed if activity (passes) and foraging (feeding buzzes) of bat species differed between cultivated and uncultivated intra-farm habitats. We found six bat species, all threatened and insectivorous. Tadarida brasiliensis was the most frequently recorded species. We found more activity and foraging in uncultivated than cultivated habitats in total, although the opposite trend was observed during springtime in semiarid region. More than a third of the bat passes were feeding buzzes in both habitats, suggesting the potential service to agriculture. Further investigation is needed to promote conservation of bats and their integration as biocontrols in agroecosystems in Chile.

1 Flower strips can promote and conserve beneficial insects in agroecosystems. Knowing which groups are favoured and which plant traits affect visitation rates by beneficial insects is important for the design of plant strips. 2 We established 21 Native Flower Strips (NFS) in avocado orchards in Central Chile.NFS contained 7-11 plant species, with variable corolla length and flowering period, to promote beneficial insects. We assessed flight activity of ladybirds (Coccinellidae) and bees (Apiformes) in sites adjacent to and far from NFS within avocado orchards. Additionally, we evaluated flower visitation for the main flower visitor groups (Apiformes, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera) to the plant species in NFS according to season and corolla length. 3 We found almost six times greater flight activity of coccinellids and bees in NFS than sites far from NFS within avocado orchards. Visitation rates of pollinator groups varied according to corolla length and season. Diptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera consistently visited short corolla flowers. NFS were highly visited in summer and autumn, when avocados were not in bloom. 4 NFS in orchards should be encouraged by policymakers because they support beneficial insects that could deliver ecosystem services and contribute to local biological conservation.Keywords floral traits, flower visitors, native bees, native flora, perennial flower strips.

alfonso salgado muñoz * Joaquín fernández abara ** el PartIdo socIalIsta y Prensa latInoamerIcana: gestIón económIca y conflIcto PolítIco en una edItorIal chIlena (1954-1973) 1 resumen En este artículo examinamos las bases materiales y orgánicas que hicieron posible el surgimiento y desarrollo de la empresa editora Prensa Latinoamericana (PLA), ligada al Partido Socialista de Chile. Argumentamos, primero, que la trayectoria de la editorial estuvo cruzada por las pugnas internas y la tendencia al faccionalismo del Partido Socialista; y, segundo, que el éxito de esta empresa editorial se explica, en no menor medida, por una serie de decisiones de naturaleza propiamente administrativa. Nos basamos en documentación de la sociedad anónima a través de la que Prensa Latinoamericana operaba, informes y resoluciones políticas, fuentes hemerográficas y memorias de dirigentes socialistas.

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