The aim of this study was to determine the temporal structure of judo bouts in visually impaired men and women (n = 117 judokas in the senior category; 92 men and 25 women). We developed a data recording system based on the temporal parameters of judo and applied it to a broad sample of international bouts (n = 219; 184 between men and 35 between women). The descriptive analysis of frequency of occurrence revealed that most of the bouts ended before the time-up bell sounded (81% men/74% women). Other defining features are shown in the following mean values (for men/women): the total bout time was 266/242 s; the total time paused was 158/172 s; the total time spent in standing combat was 82/54 s (P = 0.008), while that of floor combat was 60/84 s (P = 0.021); each bout had 6.9/5.7 paused sequences with a duration of 19.6/21.1 s, and 12.4/11.7 active sequences with a duration of 22/19.7 s. The sequential analysis by means of T-patterns (THEME) confirmed that the temporal structure of judo is not the same for men and women, thereby highlighting the need for a range of training methods matched to the needs of visually impaired competitors.

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Background: To provide information regarding injury incidence, injury pattern, and associated injury risk factors in elite Paralympic judokas. Methods: Participants in this observational research were elite judokas taking part in the IBSA 2018 World Judo Championship. The entire championship was videotaped, and all injuries were prospectively documented using an all-complaints definition. Results: The tournament featured 267 judokas, (B1 = 58; B2 = 105; B3 = 104). The injury proportion was estimated at 18.9 injuries/100 fighters (B1 = 13.8; B2 = 22.3; B3 = 18.5). A total of 745 athletic exposures were registered. The overall injury rate was 68.5 (95% CI, 52.5–89.2); 62.5 (95% CI, 32–122.3); 79.6 (95% CI, 53.8–17.8); and 61.2 (95% CI, 40–93.5) for the total sample, B1, B2, and B3 judokas, respectively. When only injuries resulting in medical attention were analyzed, the overall injury rate was calculated to be 22.8 (95% CI, 14.3–36.5), and the injury proportion was estimated at 6.3 injuries/100 fighters. No significant differences were found for sex, weight, and visual class regarding injury proportion and injury rates. Conclusion: Paralympic judokas show a high injury rate. However, when only injuries that needed medical attention were taken into account, the proportion of athletes injured was low. The degree of visual impairment was not considered as an injury risk factor.

The aim of this study was to identify the most common technical errors, and their behavioural sequences, in the judo throw Morote Seoi Nage. Participants (n = 46; 29 men and 17 women) were physical education students who were systematically observed by means of video recordings taken over a period of five academic years. The results, derived from descriptive statistics and a sequential analysis of T-patterns obtained with the software package THEME v.5, showed that a sub-optimal knee bend produces a throw around the side rather than over and towards the front of the shoulder. Furthermore, an inadequate hip and trunk position, caused by prior incorrect placement of the left foot, leads to a failure of weight bearing, which itself is the cause of the side throw. As regards the teaching and learning of judo, these findings enable us to propose motor drills to correct the errors detected, and movement sequences that will ensure a successful throw. Recommendations are also made about the use of feedback.

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