In the recent years the road accident analysis has been one of the main fields of research for automotive engineering, because of the heavy costs which Europe has to sustain each year in terms of injuries, fatalities and related costs. In this paper, starting from an impulsive model available in literature, a numerical characterization of vehicle collisions and deformation process is proposed and validated, identifying the main parameters which describe the vehicle impact behaviour. The study, conducted by using both empirical and numerical data (simulated trough Ls- Dyna), analyses the impact process by considering several situations, with different severity and geometry of impact; furthermore, with reference to the main parameters which describe the vehicle behaviour in the impact, the authors present a wide analysis, classified according to the severity of impact and to the different parts of the vehicle structure which absorb the impact energy.
A new interest has been increasingly directed in recent years to study the behaviour of joints provided with various kinds of fasteners and the mechanism of load transfer; profiting of the present capabilities of computing systems and analysis codes, which appear such as to deal with models built with more than one million elements, thanks to new numerical techniques which can solve huge systems of equations. However, the main interest has been limited to the case of bolted joints, for which several models are now available, while a few results are known for the case of riveted joints, where more complex mechanisms are involved. In the present paper a full set of analyses has been reported, with reference to both normal and blind rivets, where the manufacturing operation has been simulated through Ls-Dyna to evaluate the stress and strain states induced into the jointed sheets, varying the dimensional and riveting load characteristics of the joint. A subsequent investigation is presented, which aims to evaluate the effects of the compressed zone over the behaviour of an approaching crack.
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