We have conducted a series of studies on Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia to study the effect of organic and conventional coffee plantation systems on the level of attack by coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei. The results showed that at each observation the level of CBB attacks on coffee plants cultivated organically was lower than those cultivated conventionally. The level of CBB attack on organic and conventional coffee plantations is between 7.9-12.1% and 13.2-22.2% respectively. From the results of this study, it is suspected that in coffee plantations that are cultured organically there are more diverse or more abundant organisms that act as natural enemies, so they can suppress CBB population development. Meanwhile, conventional coffee cultivation is suspected to have decreased the natural enemy population of CBB, because on these lands synthetic pesticides have been used continuously to control various disturbing organisms in coffee plants. The results of this study indicate that organic coffee farming systems have played an important role in maintaining the biodiversity of various organisms in coffee plantations, so that the population development of various coffee plant pests, i.e. CBB can be balanced by the development of their natural enemy population.
Abstrak. Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) adalah hama penting pada tanaman famili Brassicaceae. Hama ini menyerang daun bagian dalam yang terlindung hingga mencapai titik tumbuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menetukan konsentrasi yang efektif dari campuran ekstrak serai wangi dan kulit bakau terhadap mortalitas dan perkembangan C. pavonana. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman dan Laboratorium Analisis Pangan Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Unsyiah. Penelitian dimulai sejak bulan Maret 2016 sampai dengan Mei 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola tunggal yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga diperoleh 20 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi campuran ekstrak serai wangi dan kulit bakau berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas larva C. pavonana yaitu pada perlakuan aplikasi campuran ekstrak 2 g serai wangi + 2 g kulit bakau sebesar 85%. Persentase penghambatan makan tertinggi terjadi pada aplikasi campuran ekstrak 2 g serai wangi + 2 g kulit bakau yaitu 53%, sedangkan persentase tertinggi pupa C. pavonana yang muncul terjadi pada perlakuan aplikasi 4 g ekstrak serai wangi yaitu 30% dan persentase imago muncul tertinggi pada perlakuan 4 g serai wangi yaitu 27%. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi campuran ekstrak serai wangi dan kulit bakau lebih efektif dibandingkan aplikasi secara tunggal.Influence of mixture of Fragrant Lemongrass Extract gods and Mangrove Bark toward mortality and Developmental Crocidolomia pavonana (F.)Abstract. Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important pest of plants in the family Brassicaceae. This pest attack leaves the inside sheltered until you reach the point of growing up. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective concentration of a mixture of fragrant Lemongrass extract and mangrove bark toward mortality and development of c. pavonana. This research has been carried out in the laboratory of Plant Pests Plant Protection Course and laboratory Analysis of food Agricultural Technology Courses Faculty of Agriculture University. The study started in March 2016 until May 2016. This study used a Randomized Complete Design method (RAL) single pattern consisting of 5 treatment and repeated four times so that the retrieved 20 unit trial. The results showed that the application of a mix of fragrant Lemongrass extract and mangrove bark effect on larval mortality of c. pavonana in treatment of mixed application of extract of Lemongrass scented 2 g + 2 g mangrove bark of 85%. The percentage inhibition of the highest feeding occurs on the application of mixed fragrant Lemongrass extract 2 g + 2 g mangrove bark that is 53%, while the highest percentage of pupae of c. pavonana which appeared to occur at the treatment application 4 g extract of Lemongrass fragrance that is 30% and the percentage Imago appears highest on treatment 4 g Lemongrass fragrance that is 27%. Thus, the results showed that the application of a mix of fragrant Lemongrass extract and mangrove bark is more effective than a single application.
Abstrak.Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura F.) merupakan hama yang bersifat polifagus, menyerang banyak jenis tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Serangan hama ini dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil mencapai 80%, dan serangan berat menyebabkan puso (gagal panen). Larva memakan daun tanaman yang masih muda hingga meninggalkan tulang daun saja. salah satu pengendalian hama pestisida nabati yang efektif adalah Jengkol yang merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai pestisida nabati karena mengandung senyawa aktif seperti teroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan glikosida, Senyawa aktif dari kulit buah jengkol ini bisa digunakan sebagai pengendali serangga hama ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). Hama ini bersifat polifagus dan merupakan hama utama pada tanaman pangan dan hortikultura. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan 6 taraf konsentrasi ekstrak kulit buah jengkol, setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga jumlah unit percobaan menjadi 24 unit. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak kulit buah jengkol berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas larva, persentase luas daun terserang, persentase pupa yang terbentuk dan persentase imago yang muncul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak kulit buah jengkol efektif untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak S. litura pada daun sawi di Laboratorium. Penggunaan ekstrak kulit buah jengkol dengan dosis 10% mengakibatkan mortalitas larva mencapai 85% pada 5 hari setelah aplikasiCONCENTRATION TEST OF JENGKOL SKIN EXTRACT AGAINST ARMYWORM Spodoptera litura F. AT LABORATORYAbstract.Jengkol is one of the potential crops as a plant pesticide because it contains active compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. The active compounds of jengkol skin can be used as a control of armywormpest insect (Spodoptera litura). This pest is polyphagous and is a major pest in crops and horticulture. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) non factorial with 6 level of djenkol skin extract concentration, each treatment was repeated four times so that the number of experimental units are 24 units. The purpose of this study was to obtain an effective jengkol skin extract concentration which are effective in controlling pests S. litura. in the laboratory. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Pests, Plant Protection Department-Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala, Darussalam Banda Aceh. The study lasted from August 2015 until October 2015.The results showed that the application of djenkolskin extract has effect on the mortality of larvae. All treatments containing djenkolskin extract in the observation of 5 HSA highest mortality found in the djenkol skin extract concentration (10%) is 85%, and the lowest concentration (2%), is 45%. The percentage of leaf area affected in the 5 HSA observation can be seen in the control treatment (0%) which was significantly different from all other treatments. The higher the concentration of jengkol skin extracts, the lower the percentage of leaf area attacked by S. litura larvae. The highest percentage of pupae is formed in the control treatment (100%) followed by K1 (55%) and the lowest is in treatment K5 (15%). Percentage of pupae that is formed has to do with the mortality of S. Litura larvae in the 5 HSA observation. The highest percentage of imago that is found in K0 (control) is 80%, while in K1, K2, K3 and K4 treatments are not significantly different, that is ranged from 2.50 to 10.00% but it is significantly different from the K5, that is 0.00%. The results of the study showed that the application of djenkolskin extract is effective for armyworm S. Litura pest control on mustard leaves in the laboratory. The use of the jengkol skin extract with a concentration of 10% cause the mortality of larvae reached 85% after 5 days application.
Abstrak. Insektisida nabati adalah insektisida yang berasal dari tumbuhan dan insektisida itu sendiri adalahbahan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan populasi Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) terutamapada masalah penanganan pasca panen tanaman jagung. Hama Sitophilus zeamais M merupakan hama yangmenyerang biji jagung sejak di lapangan dan di penyimpanan serta tingkat serangan S. zeaimais bersifatmerugikan. Beberapa tumbuhan berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati terhadap hama S. zeamais adalah daunbabadotan (Ageratum conyzioides L), bunga cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica), daun mimba (Azadirachta indica)dan daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan Ranangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktortunggal dengan 5 pasang imago diinfestasikan pada 10g masing-masing serbuk nabati dan 100g biji jagung.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk bunga cengkeh efektif pada pengamatan persentase daya repelensitertinggi yaitu 98,33% 2 jam setelah aplikasi, mortalitas tertinggi yaitu 85% 8 hari setelah aplikasi, lama imagomuncul 9,17 (hari ke-55), jumlah imago muncul paling sedikit yaitu 0,33% dan kerusakan biji terendah yaitu0,46%. efficacy of several types of vegetable powder as an insecticide against Sitophilus zeamais motsch pests in corn stored Abstract. Biopesticide are insecticides derived from plants and insecticides themselves are materials that can beused to control the population of Plant Pest Organisms (OPT), especially on the problem of handling afterharvesting corn crops. Sitophilus zeamais M pest is a pest that attacks corn seeds since in the field and is storedand the level of attack of S. zeaimais is detrimental. Some plants that have the potential as vegetable insecticidesagainst S. zeamais pests are babadotan leaves (Ageratum conyzioides L), clove flowers (Eugenia aromatica),neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.). This study uses acompletely randomized single design (RAL) single factor with 5 pairs of imago infested in 10 g of eachvegetable powder and 100 g of corn seeds. The result showed that the clove flower powder was effective inobserving the highest percentage of repelency power which was 98.33% 2 hours after application, the highestmortality was 85% 8 days after application, imago duration appeared 9.17 (day 55), the number of imagoappeared the least is 0.33% and the lowest seed damage is 0.46%.
Judul: Komparasi keanekaragaman arthropoda permukaan tanah pada komoditas cabai merah, cabai rawit dan tomatAbstrak. Pola tanam monokultur merupakan sistem budidaya tanaman pada suatu areal lahan yang ditanami dengan satu jenis tanaman saja. Pertanaman monokultur dapat memicu eksplosif hama tertentu, karena sistem budidaya ini dapat menyebabkan agroekosistem menjadi tidak stabil. Beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya kerentanan agroekosistem terhadap peledakan hama adalah penurunan keragaman lanskap, penurunan keragaman tanaman, penggunaan pestisida, pemupukan yang tidak berimbang dan faktor iklim. Perangkap yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pitfall trap. Peubah yang diamati meliputi populasi arthropoda permukaan tanah, indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks kelimpahan. Pada pertanaman cabai merah terdapat 8 ordo arthropoda permukaan tanah dengan total 546 individu. Pada cabai rawit terdapat 9 ordo dengan total 599 individu, sedangkan pada tanaman tomat terdapat 11 ordo dengan total 399 individu. Ordo Hymenoptera dari famili Formicidae terdapat pada ketiga komoditi ditemukan 598 individu, sedangkan ordo yang paling sedikit ditemukan pada ordo Blattodea 1 individu. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman pada ketiga tanaman berkisaran (1,27-1,64), indeks kelimpahan pada ketiga tanaman berkisaran (0,23-0,38).Comparison of soil surface arthropod diversity on commodities of red chilies, bird’s eye chilies and tomatoesAbstract. Monoculture cropping pattern is a system of plant cultivation in an area of land that is planted with only one type of plant. Monoculture cropping can trigger the explosion of certain pests, because this cultivation system can cause the agro-ecosystem to become unstable. Several factors causing the vulnerability of agroecosystems to pest explosions are the decrease in landscape diversity, the decrease in plant diversity, the use of pesticides, unbalanced fertilization and climatic factors. The trap used in this research is the pitfall trap. The observed variables included ground surface arthropod population, diversity index and abundance index. In red chili plantations, there are 8 orders of arthropods on the ground with a total of 546 individuals. In cayenne pepper there are 9 orders with a total of 599 individuals, while in tomato plants there are 11 orders with a total of 399 individuals. The order Hymenoptera of the Formicidae family was found in all three commodities, found 598 individuals, while the least order was found in the order Blattodea 1 individual. The value of the diversity index in the three plants ranged (1.27-1.64), the abundance index of the three plants ranged (0.23-0.38).
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