AbstrakPengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir di Indonesia dari sudut pandang pembangunan berkelanjutan dihadapkan pada kondisi yang bersifat mendua. Kondisi pertama, ada banyak kawasan yang belum tersentuh sama sekali oleh aktivitas pembangunan, namun pada kondisi lainnya terdapat beberapa kawasan pesisir yang telah dimanfaatkan dengan massif. Akibatnya, terlihat indikasi telah terlampauinya daya dukung atau kapasitas berkelanjutan dari ekosistem pesisir dan lautan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perubahan ekologis terhadap kehidupan nelayan dan strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan nelayan dalam menghadapi perubahan ekologis di kawasan pesisir Desa Pulau Panjang, Kecamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perubahan ekologis di kawasan ini diakibatkan oleh berbagai bentuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir yang cenderung eksploitatif. Bentuk perubahan ekologis dilihat dari kerusakan mangrove dan terumbu karang. Strategi adaptasi yang diterapkan oleh rumah tangga nelayan berbeda-beda dan tidak hanya terbatas pada satu jenis adaptasi saja. Rumah tangga nelayan mengkombinasikan berbagai macam pilihan adaptasi sesuai sumberdaya yang dimilikinya. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lokasi penelitian, pilihan-pilihan adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh nelayan antara lain: menganekaragamkan sumber pendapatan, memanfaatkan hubungan sosial, memobilisasi anggota rumah tangga, melakukan penganekaragaman alat tangkap, dan melakukan perubahan daerah penangkapan serta melakukan strategi lainnya, yakni berupa penebangan hutan mangrove sacara ilegal dan mengandalkan bantuan-bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Fisher's Adaptation Strategies to Ecological Changes AbstractThere is ambiguity on conducting sustainable development in coastal area. In fact, there are still virgin coastal areas, while some coastal areas have been exploited intensively across their carrying capacities. Beside environmental conservation efforts, some adaptation strategies for the fishermen to free the changes coastal areas are needed. The result of case study in Panjang Island, South Kalimantan shows that ecological changes were caused by land degradation of mangrove's areas. The development of mangrove's areas are the coal ports and shrimp ponds have changed their function as natural resource, especially as natural resource of community's livelihood. Pulau Panjang is only approximately 5 Ha, but there are at least 7 coal ports arround its coastal area. Consequently, the fishermen have lost their fish stock and their livelihood. In response to the ecological changes, adaptation may play important role. The community should be able to respond the direct and indirect effects of the changes. In deed, the fishermen in Panjang Island have their own adaptation strategies that devide into economic strategy, political strategy and social strategy. The fishermen try to colaborate their sources of income, take the benefit of social connection and exploitate their other natural resource.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the uncertainty events affecting small-scale salt producers and find out how small-scale salt producers were responding to the combinations of climatic and socioeconomic uncertainty they had experienced. We divided the salt producers into three categories based on land ownership: (1) land owner;(2) wage laborer; and (3) tenant. We examine their perceptions of the problems and their adaptive responses at the household and aggregate levels. Based on fieldwork in salt production areas in rural Sampang, Indonesia. First, we find that, the effect of uncertainty events does affect salt producers unequally. This, depending on resources and power within community. Second, there are advantages and disadvantages of each adaptation. This is representing dilemma of salt producers that shape how adaptation practices are negotiated in order to respond the combinations of climatic and socioeconomic uncertainty. Finally, our finding underlines the challenges of developing an integrated approach to mitigate these uncertainty events.
Persoalan pangan merupakan persoalan kemanusiaan yang perlu ditangani dengan serius. Kenaikan harga energi, khususnya energi fosil, mempengaruhi harga pupuk dan pakan sehingga mendorong kenaikan harga pangan. Ditambah variabilitas iklim yang mempengaruhi produktifitas pangan, dampak terhadap kinerja makroekonomi, produktivitas pangan, kinerja ekonomi regional, ekonomi rumah tangga dan tingkat kemiskinan semakin terasa. Stimulus pengeluaran pemerintah dan peningkatan produktifitas diprediksikan mampu menahan goncangan yang terjadi, namun strategi yang memberikan efek jangka serta mampu menciptakan sistem pangan yang tangguh (resilient) perlu didesain dengan serius. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya yang menyeluruh dan terintegrasi mulai dari peningkatan produktivitas, mempertahankan stabilitas, penguatan industri, peningkatan efisiensi sistem pangan, meningkatkan diversifikasi dan ketahanan pangan lokal, penguatan sumberdaya dan perlindungan petani.
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