El propósito del estudio es establecer los conocimientos, la dinámica familiar y comunitaria de madres de hijos con discapacidad que sirvan de base para la instrumentación de programas de intervención. Participaron 42 madres con edades entre 19 y 49 años (M = 31.14) de un Centro de Rehabilitación Infantil perteneciente a la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional en México. Se utilizó una guía de entrevista semi-estructurada para explorar los conocimientos, la dinámica familiar y comunitaria de las familias. Las madres reportaron que no recibieron preparación de cómo tratar a sus hijos; sin embargo, ellas consideran la importancia de adquirir conocimientos especializados para entender y tratar al menor. Las madres que no tienen los conocimientos necesarios sobre la discapacidad de su hijo no son capaces de entender ni aceptar la condición del niño, conllevando a la negación del problema, inconformidad, culpa y depresión. Se observó en el estudio que una adecuada preparación de la madre después del nacimiento de su hijo, acerca de la discapacidad, puede proveer una mejor interacción y funcionamiento de estas familias. Palabras Clave: Discapacidad, Conocimientos de discapacidad, Dinámica Familiar, Dinámica comunitaria, Madres de hijos con discapacidad. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS CONCERNING THEIR CHILDREN´S DISABILITY AND THE RELATION WITH THE FAMILY DYNAMICS AbstractThe purpose of this study is to enquire about the knowledge, as well as about the family and community dynamics of mothers of children with disabilities, as a basis to implement intervention programs. Participants were 42 mothers aged between 19 and 49 years (M= 31.14) who attended a Children´s Rehabilitation Center belonging to the National Defense Secretariat in Mexico [SEDENA, for its Spanish acronym]. Semi-structured interviews were used to assess the mother's knowledge on the disability of the child and the family and community dynamics. Mothers reported receiving no training on how to treat their children, though they considered the importance of acquiring expertise to understand and treat the child. Mothers who do not have the necessary knowledge about their child's disability are not able to understand or accept the child's condition, leading to a denial of the problem, dissatisfaction, guilt and depression. It was noted in the study that proper preparation of the mother after the birth of her child, in terms of the disability can provide a better interaction and functioning of these families.
The arrival of a disabled child is overwhelming to any family; it is often a shocking event that impacts the life cycle of the family. Several studies highlight the support that must be provided to parents of children with disabilities. In Mexico, this support is not often promoted in a successfully way neither in official nor private institutions. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a special assistance program carried out with five autistic children' mothers, aged between 28 and 43 years (Mage = 35.4). Attention was focused on: family functioning, knowledge and acceptance of disability. We used a mixed design with a concurrent triangulation; the study was non-experimental, ex post facto, descriptive, and cross-cutting. The main findings show that this program had a positive effect on mothers and several changes regarding the studied variables were observed. It was important to highlight that there was one unexpected result: the personal and group empowerment that enabled the participants, on the one hand, to acknowledge themselves as women in a couple relationship and not only as mothers of their disabled child, and, on the other hand, to form a network of mothers who can look for legal and administrative protection for their autistic children.
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