<p>Los cambios y los avances en las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) acontecidos a lo largo de las últimas décadas han generado un creciente interés para la comunidad científica. Precisamente gran parte de la labor investigadora se ha centrado en analizar el impacto social de Internet en los menores. En este artículo, realizamos una revisión de la literatura especializada relacionada con la temática en cada uno de los campos científicos, con la finalidad de analizar el enfoque y la perspectiva estudiada. Al mismo tiempo que analizamos los hábitos de uso y comportamientos de los adolescentes en torno a Internet en España. Para ello se ha utilizado los datos del estudio “<em>Encuesta sobre hábitos de uso y seguridad de Internet de menores y jóvenes en España</em>” del Ministerio del Interior publicado en junio de 2014.</p>
Communication technologies should be considered as a means available for people to pursue the objectives of supporting the development of equality, freedom, solidarity and socialisation. In this case, Infant and Primary Education teachers play an important role in the acquisition of digital competences by their students. In this article we ask to what extent the university degrees of Early Childhood and Primary Education Teachers in Spain, where students are trained in subjects related to the use and learning of ICT applied to Education, address digital competences from the ethical dimension. We present here some of the results of a research project carried out in Spain, using the method of content analysis, in which a total of 118 study plans for the 2019-20 university degrees were reviewed. The research results indicated that, although digital competences were present in most of the assessed plans (78%), through a subject related to the learning and use of ICT in education, only 26.1% of the teaching guides incorporated the ethical dimension of this subject. This leads us to conclude that future teachers currently receive little training in ethics regarding the development of digital competences.
The implementation of policies that have sought to involve immigrant associations in the development of their countries of origin, under the name of codevelopment, was a novelty in Spain during the last decade. This new model of development cooperation carried out by the migrants themselves has not only generated new opportunities for its associations, but also significant risks, especially in the field of decentralized cooperation driven by autonomous communities. In this article, we present the specific case of the Valencian Community, where the codevelopment reached a considerable degree of implementation between 2006 and 2012. Through the analysis of Valencian co-development policies, it is possible to see how immigrant associations have actually occupied a secondary place in the new cooperation schemes against the NGO Development, while many have abandoned their protest to focus on projects and proposals for welfare activities.Résumé La mise en oeuvre des politiques qui ont cherché à impliquer les associations d'immigrés dans le développement de leurs pays d'origine, sous le nom de codéveloppement, était une nouveauté en Espagne au cours de la dernière décennie.Ce nouveau modèle de coopération au développement menée par les migrants euxmêmes a généré de nouvelles possibilités pour les associations, mais aussi des risques importants, en particulier dans le domaine de la coopération décentralisée conduite par les collectivités autonomes. Dans cet article, nous présentons le cas spécifique de la collectivité de Valence, où le codéveloppement a atteint un degré considérable de mise en oeuvre entre 2006 et 2012. Grâce à l'analyse des politiques de codéveloppement de Valence, il est possible de voir comment les associations d'immigrés ont effectivement occupé une place secondaire dans les nouveaux programmes de coopération contre le développement des ONG, tandis que beaucoup ont abandonné leur protestation pour s'orienter vers des projets et des propositions d'activités de bien-être.Zusammenfassung Die Implementierung von Richtlinien, die darauf ausgerichtet sind, Migrantenvereinigungen unter dem Begriff Ko-Entwicklung (co-development) in die Entwicklung ihrer Herkunftsländer zu involvieren, war in den vergangenen 10 Jahren ein neues Konzept in Spanien. Dieses neue Modell der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, die von den Migranten selbst ausgeführt wird, bot den Vereinigungen neue Möglichkeiten, brachte aber auch erhebliche Risiken mit sich, insbesondere im Bereich der dezentralisierten Zusammenarbeit, die von autonomen Gemeinschaften angetrieben wurde. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert den speziellen Fall von Valencia, wo die Ko-Entwicklung zwischen 2006 und 2012 in großem Maße implementiert wurde. Anhand einer Analyse der Richtlinien zur Ko-Entwicklung in Valencia kann man sehen, wie Migrantenvereinigungen in der Tat einen zweitrangigen Platz in dem neuen Programm der Zusammenarbeit gegenüber der Entwicklung der nicht-staatlichen Organisationen eingenommen haben, während viele nicht länger protestieren, um sich auf Projekte ...
In 2008, the Government of Ecuador initiated a programme for productive return dubbed the Cucayo Fund, aimed at financing small businesses for migrants who were returning to the country. This programme has been a cornerstone in the new governmental policy on migration. In 2015, the IOM considered it an exemplary practice among the instruments enabling the economic and social reinsertion of returning migrants. In this article, based on the mining and analysis of the implementation data from the Cucayo Fund in the three provinces comprising Administrative Region No 7, we specifically examine the incidence of human capital accumulated by the migrants in the success of their ventures. Our results show that the experience and knowledge attained by the migrants abroad, and transfer of these to new activities, play a key and relevant role in the financed ventures and that, therefore, human capital must be incorporated with greater emphasis into debates on return.
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