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Increased effort to cope w ith the rapidly em erging im pacts of clim ate change is urgently needed. W hether adaptation bears the risk of inducing a negative feedback loop through its energy requirem ents has not been investigated. H ere w e exam ine the N ationally D eterm ined C ontributions subm itted by w orld governm ents under the Paris A greem ent w ith the aim of identifying the adaptation options associated w ith energy use and of defining energy use for adaptation. B y linking the resulting options to the U nited N ations' Sustainable D evelopm ent G oals, through the related targets and indicators, w e evaluate the extent to w hich energy use for adaptation facilitate progress tow ards sustainability. D raw ing from the relevant literature on vulnerability and energy, w e provide new evidence on the role that energy plays in the context of adaptation, proposing a fram ew ork that connects adaptation, m itigation, and sustainable developm ent through the lens of the energy requirem ents of adaptation strategies. R esults highlight priority policy actions to prom ote clim atedevelopm ent synergies and indicate w here quantitative syste m m odels could focus in order to integrate adaptation energy needs in future energy scenarios.
Adaptation is a critical option to cope with climate change, as it alleviates the residual climate damages not avoided by emission reduction measures. However, adaptive actions can consume extra amounts of energy. This paper introduces a framework to identify the energy use associated with adaptation and qualifies its relevance in terms of sustainable development. A qualitative, bottom-up analysis of the policy commitments submitted in the context of the Paris Agreement and the 2030 UN Agenda for sustainable development is complemented with a review of the literature on adaptation, energy, and sustainable development. The analysis of the policy options related to vulnerability reduction in the Nationally Determined Contributions reveals a set of recurring adaptation strategies strongly associated with energy use. By linking the resulting options to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets and indicators, we show that energy-related adaptation options are all connected to at least one SDG, though the strength of the connection varies across adaptation options and SDGs. The descriptive synthesis provided in this paper sets a framework for future research aimed at assessing the energy implications of adaptation strategies, contributing to further understand the nexus between climate policy and development.
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