Background Anemia in children continues to be a major public health challenge in developing countries and particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Anemia has serious consequences on the growth and development of the children in the early stages of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children from 6 to 59 months in Togo. Methods Data from the Togo Demographic and Health Survey 2013–2014 were used for this study. This nationally representative survey provided data on a wide range of indicators such as mother and child health, nutrition and other characteristics. Anemia status was determined using hemoglobin level (Hb < 11.0 g/dl), and the weighted prevalence of childhood anemia along with 95% confidence intervals were provided. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associated factors. Results Two thousand eight hundred ninety children aged 6–59 months were included in this analysis. The weighted prevalence of anemia was 70.9% [95% CI = 68.8–73.1] with 2.6% [95% CI = 2.0–3.3] of severe anemia among these children. In the multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for anemia was 0.33 [95% CI = 0.26–0.42] in children aged from 24 to 42 months and 0.22 [95% CI = 0.17–0.29] in children aged from 43 to 59 months. Children’s malaria status was strongly associated to childhood anemia with an aOR of 3.03 [95% CI = 2.49–3.68]. The secondary level of education and more for the mother was associated to childhood anemia with an aOR of 0.67 [95% CI = 0.52–0.86]. The aOR for children whose mother had anemia was 1.62 [95% CI = 1.30–2.02]. Conclusion This study has highlighted the high prevalence of childhood anemia in Togo and revealed that younger children and maternal anemia were positively associated to childhood anemia whereas age of children and high level of maternal education were negatively associated to childhood anemia.

Background: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-pathway is frequently activated in HER2-positive breast cancer and may play a major role in resistance to trastuzumab. Lapatinib is a dual anti-HER2/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor with clinical activity after trastuzumab failure in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC). BKM120 is a pan-class I PI3K inhibitor with potent and selective activity against wild-type and mutant PI3K p110α. PIKHER2 phase Ib study aimed primarily to determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and propose a recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for BKM120 in combination with lapatinib in HER2-positive, trastuzumab-resistant, ABC. Secondary objectives included safety, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics and biomarker assessments. Methods: PIKHER2 was a multi-center study, enrolling HER2 positive (IHC 3+ or FISH positive) ABC, with disease progressing either while on trastuzumab for metastatic disease or within 12 months of the last infusion for patients who received trastuzumab as adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatment. Oral BKM120 (B; 40, 60 or 80 mg) and lapatinib (L; 750, 1000 or 1250 mg) were administered daily. A modified CRM using an adaptive Bayesian model guided the dose escalation of both agents. PIK3CA mutational status and PTEN/hormone receptor expression IHC was evaluated on available tumor tissue. Results: A total of 24 HER2-positive ABC pts, with a median number of previous lines of cytotoxics = 2 (1-5) and previous lines of anti-HER2 = 2 (1-6) for advanced stage, were treated across 5 dose-levels (B,40 + L,750; B, 60 + L,750; B,80 + L,750; B,80 + L,1000; B,80 + L,1250). Following cycle 1, 5 pts experienced DLTs: G3 ALT elevation, G3 vomiting, G3 stomatitis, G3 hyperglycemia and G3 diarrhea. MTD was reached at B,80 + L,1250 but toxicities and early treatment discontinuation beyond cycle 1 led us to select B,80 + L,1000 as the RP2D. Main drug-related adverse events were: diarrhea (83% of pts, G3 in 21%), nausea/vomiting (83% of pts, G3 in 4%), skin toxicity (75% of pts, G3 in 21%), asthenia (70% of patients, no G3), depression (58% of pts, G3 in 4%), anxiety (42% of pts, no G3), transaminases increase (29% of pts, G3 in 17%). B and L PK parameters values were consistent with those already published for both drugs. A large inter-individual variability was observed for both drugs. There was no significant evidence for drug-drug PK interaction. Disease control rate (DCR) was 79% [57-92%], one patient obtained a complete remission and 6 additional patients experienced stable disease for ≥ 24 weeks (clinical benefit rate, CBR of 29% [12-51%]). PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss were observed in 4 of 14 and 1 of 21 patients, respectively. DCR and CBR were higher in hormone receptor-negative tumors. Conclusion: Combining BKM120 and lapatinib in HER2-positive trastuzumab-resistant was feasible. Preliminary evidences of antitumor activity were observed in this heavily pre-treated population. Citation Format: Anthony Gonçalves, Mathilde Guerin, Nicolas Isambert, Mario Campone, Keyvan Resai, Aurélie Autret, Jihane Pakradouni, Alexie Robert, Magali Provansal, Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Renaud Sabatier, Alice Hervieu, Jean-Marc Extra, Patrice Viens, François Lokiec, Jean-Marie Boher. PIKHER2: A phase Ib study evaluating oral BKM120 in combination with lapatinib in trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A118.

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