The Big Five Inventory–2 (BFI-2) is a recently published 60-item questionnaire that measures personality traits within the five-factor model framework. An important aspect of the BFI-2 is that it measures the traits at both the domain and facet levels and also controls acquiescence bias via the balanced number of true- and false-keyed items across the domains and facets. The current research evaluates factorial measurement invariance of a Russian version of the BFI-2 across sex and age within samples of 1,024 university students (Study 1) and 1,029 Internet users (Study 2). Across these samples, men scored lower on the domains of negative emotionality and agreeableness and slightly higher on extraversion. Sex differences were also obtained on various facets. In the Internet sample, age correlated modestly with several Big Five domains in accordance with the well-documented maturity principle. The newly developed Russian version of BFI-2 showed good reliability and validity across both samples. Moreover, random intercept exploratory factor analyses showed that the BFI-2 displayed a hierarchical five-domain-15-facet structure that demonstrated strict measurement invariance across sex and age.
In the previous report, the authors described three possible lines of integration: theoretical and empirical joint-ly, cross-theoretical and cross-empirical. In this report, their empirical verification examines on the example of V.S. Merlin’s theory of integral individuality, D.V. Ushakov’s structural-dynamic theory of intelligence, and J. Guilford’s theory of divergent (creative) thinking. Individual-intellectual integrations derive from above the-ories. These integrations appear due to the viewpoint of a causal chain. Its operational marker is longitudinal mediator models. The purpose of the study is to examine functionally the resource and potential of the theories of V.S. Merlin, D.V. Ushakov and J. Guilford for integration at empirical level; individual-intellectual integra-tions develop following causal chains in three time periods. Longitudinal mediation models were to test with an emphasis on the transformation of the effects of previous causes into new causes. The study involved 211 students of Perm higher educational institutions, studying humanities, of which 161 girls and 50 boys aged 17 to 22 years at the time of the first measurement (M = 18.56, SD = 0.83). We tested traits of integral individuali-ty (nervous system, temperament, and personality traits), crystallized and fluid intelligence, and creative think-ing in three periods, namely, the present, the future, and the post-future. Structural modeling was the main sta-tistical methods of data analysis. Crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence, and creative flexibility revealed their mediator part between traits of integral individuality in earlier and later measurements. Each model was fit indices. However, creative fluency and originality did not function as mediators. Rather, they acted as the environment on which longitudinal mediator models operate. The results of the study can form the background for the development of a program of comprehensive individual-intellectual integrations as the basis of the edu-cational capital of the individual.
The contributions of individual intellectual integrations to the academic achievement of humanities students from the standpoint of the system’s principle, the system-integrative approach and the concept of dual systems were studied. System 1 (integral individuality) and system 2 (intelligence and creativity) were considered in the context of the cultural and educational environment. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects that this dual system produces on the academic achievement of students. The effects were tested under two conditions: (1) systems 1 and 2 operated together, and (2) systems 1 and 2 operated in parallel and separately. The study involved 415 humanities students of higher educational institutions of Perm, including 293 females and 122 males aged 17 to 22 years ( M = 18.6; SD = 1.0). Specially developed methods were used to study the properties of individuality (nervous system, temperament and personality), indicators of crystallized and/or fluid intelligence, and indicators of creativity (fluency, originality and flexibility). During the study, three models (full, correlated and uncorrelated) were developed and tested. The full model had an acceptable fit with the data and indicated the contribution of Conscientiousness (system 1) and Crystallized Intelligence (system 2) to the academic achievement. The correlated model was in good fit with the data and indicated the contribution of Conscientiousness , Neuroticism (system 1), and Crystallized Intelligence (system 2) to the academic achievement. Taken together, these properties explained 19% of the variance in the academic achievement. The uncorrelated model was consistent with the correlated model, except for the integration of systems 1 and 2, and was badly fitted to the data. The results of the study correlated well with the results of meta-analyses. The individual intellectual integrations were limited and selective. They affected some variables but did not touch other ones. Thus, the considered dual system functions rather jointly than separately.
An overview of modern foreign capital studies is presented. Human, social, psychological capitals as independent areas of research are singled out and described. For the first time, the concept of the capital of individuality, complementing other types of capital, is being introduced and developed. The basic features of capital are revealed through the concepts of resources and potentials. Individual properties taken together are shown as distributed resources and potentials, on the one hand, the combined resources and potentials of the individuality taken together by its properties on the other. The perspective of a systematic study of the capital of individuality may be the appeal to the theory of integral individuality of V.S. Merlin and the concept of system integration of human individuality by B.A. Vyatkin and L.Y. Dorfman. An approach to empirical study of the capital of individuality is planned, taking into account the multi-level properties of integral individuality as resources and potentials that enable a person to achieve high results in various areas of life. The concept of the capital of individuality is introduced in order to complement the existing notions of individual differences with a view of them from the point of view of revealing the strengths of human possibilities for existence, life support, individual success.
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