The article investigates the relationship of flows of various types (transport, cargo, information, financial, energy, legal and others) between themselves and elements in the delivery system of foreign trade cargo. A hierarchical scheme of points of interaction of various types of flows is proposed. It is note that optimization of flow control will create more favorable conditions for rhythmic work and coordination of transportation with other modes of transport, and a correctly calculate supply of goods to ports and border crossings will provide an opportunity for the economical use of rolling stock. The solution to this problem at a new level has become possible due to the widespread introduction of digital information technologies. A model of the topology of their interaction has been develop with the definition of an integral quality indicator of a particular route or delivery option. An algorithm for assessing the interdependence of various types of elements, flows, legal ties and the degree of complexity of the structure of the system for the delivery of foreign trade goods.
В статье проведен анализ подходов к определению пропускных способностей объектов транспортных инфра структур. Выявлено, что пропускная мощность устройств ориентирована в основном на объемы перевозок в различных сферах промышленности и производства. Все методы расчетов сводятся к определению максималь ного числа объектов, которое может пропустить инфраструктура в единицу времени.
Южно-Российский государственный политехнический университет (НПИ) имени М.И. Платова, г. Новочеркасск, РоссияДанная статья рассматривает специфику развития механизмов и методов совершенствования организации производства во вспомогательных процессах машиностроительных предприятий России: сформулированы цели совершенствования, выделены направления и формы работы в данной области. Акцентировано внимание на ключевых проблемах управления вспомогательными процессами. Производители ищут дополнительные области оптимизации, и создание управляющих систем, задействованных во вспомогательных процессах является прекрасным выходом. Использование современных систем управления вспомогательными рабочими процессами имеет большое преимущество, заключающееся в том, что большая часть этих процессов полностью автоматизирована. Итогом написания статьи стало обоснование необходимости разработки и внедрения программ развития и оптимизации вспомогательных процессов производства, сущность и специфика которой будет зависеть от особенностей направления деятельности внедряющих предприятий.
Traffic flows associated with the movement of passengers and goods, characterized by traffic intensity, speed, direction and other factors are closely interrelated. The planned traffic intensity of these flows is de-termined by calculating the carrying capacity of the elements of the transport system or links in the delivery chains. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the throughput capacity of a railway line, rail-way station, railway stations and landside areas, airports, and highways. Calculated dependencies, used to determine the carrying capacity of transport infrastructure facilities, have been carry out. It is shown that the throughput (capacity) of infrastructure facilities is focused, most of all, on the volume of cargo transportation in various industries. The factors that must be take into account when determining the conditions for further de-velopment and increasing the capacity of transport infrastructure elements are noted. All calculation methods are reduced to determining the maxi-mum permissible volume of cargo transportation (in passenger traffic, - passengers) that can be passed (processed) by an infrastructure object per unit (for a certain period) of time in the considered road transport and weather and climatic conditions.
The national aspects of readiness and the tasks of introducing autonomous (unmanned) navigation in the near future are considered. The purpose of the study - identification of economic benefits and risks, problem areas of implementation of autonomous navigation technologies. The economic benefit is based on a reduction in the costs of paying the crew of the ship, living on board it, reducing losses from accidents. If the question what? has already been answered - the installation of autonomous navigation systems is available for naval vessels today, then the question why? has not yet been resolved. If the main benefit is expected from a reduction in crew, then a noticeable reduction in crew is possible only for newly built and relatively modern vessels with an auto- mation level of at least AUT2, the share of which under the flag of the Russian Navy is about 15%. At the same time, the modernization of existing inland navigation vessels into autonomous vessels is now available for less than 2% of the river transport fleet (vessels with an automation level of A1), which suggests that autonomous inland water transport only has to be built. The risks also include the slow pace of construction of new ships, as well as retraining and further employment with a massive reduction in the crew of ships. Foreign and domestic experience of the initial stage of autonomous navigation implementation is considered.
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