Radical anion salts of metal-containing and metal-free phthalocyanines [MPc(3-)](·-), where M = Cu(II), Ni(II), H2, Sn(II), Pb(II), Ti(IV)O, and V(IV)O (1-10) with tetraalkylammonium cations have been obtained as single crystals by phthalocyanine reduction with sodium fluorenone ketyl. Their formation is accompanied by the Pc ligand reduction and affects the molecular structure of metal phthalocyanine radical anions as well as their optical and magnetic properties. Radical anions are characterized by the alternation of short and long C-Nimine bonds in the Pc ligand owing to the disruption of its aromaticity. Salts 1-10 show new bands at 833-1041 nm in the NIR range, whereas the Q- and Soret bands are blue-shifted by 0.13-0.25 eV (38-92 nm) and 0.04-0.07 eV (4-13 nm), respectively. Radical anions with Ni(II), Sn(II), Pb(II), and Ti(IV)O have S = 1/2 spin state, whereas [Cu(II)Pc(3-)](·-) and [V(IV)OPc(3-)](·-) containing paramagnetic Cu(II) and V(IV)O have two S = 1/2 spins per radical anion. Central metal atoms strongly affect EPR spectra of phthalocyanine radical anions. Instead of narrow EPR signals characteristic of metal-free phthalocyanine radical anions [H2Pc(3-)](·-) (linewidth of 0.08-0.24 mT), broad EPR signals are manifested (linewidth of 2-70 mT) with g-factors and linewidths that are strongly temperature-dependent. Salt 11 containing the [Na(I)Pc(2-)](-) anions as well as previously studied [Fe(I)Pc(2-)](-) and [Co(I)Pc(2-)](-) anions that are formed without reduction of the Pc ligand do not show changes in molecular structure or optical and magnetic properties characteristic of [MPc(3-)](·-) in 1-10.

The ability of tin atoms to form stable Sn-M bonds with transition metals was used to prepare transition metal complexes with tin(II) phthalocyanine in neutral, monoanionic, and dianionic states. These complexes were obtained via the interactions of [Sn(IV)Cl2Pc(3-)](•-) or [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) radical anions with {Cp*Mo(CO)2}2, {CpFe(CO)2}2, {CpMo(CO)3}2, Fe3(CO)12, {Cp*RhCl2}2, or Ph5CpRu(CO)2Cl. The neutral coordination complexes of Cp*MoBr(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(2-)]·0.5C6H4Cl2 (1) and CpFe(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(2-)]·2C6H4Cl2 (2) were obtained from [Sn(IV)Cl2Pc(3-)](•-). On the other hand, the coordination of transition metals to [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) yielded anionic coordination complexes preserving the spin on [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-). However, in the case of {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{CpFe(II)(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(4-)]}(-)·C6H4Cl2 (4), charge transfer from CpFe(I)(CO)2 to [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) took place to form the diamagnetic [Sn(II)Pc(4-)](2-) dianion and {CpFe(II)(CO)2}(+). The complexes {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{Fe(CO)4[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)} (5), {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{CpMo(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(2-)Sn(II)Pc(3-)(•-)]} (6), and {cryptand[2,2,2](Na(+))}{Cp*RhCl2[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)} (7) have magnetic moments of 1.75, 2.41, and 1.75 μ(B), respectively, owing to the presence of S = 1/2 spins on [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) and CpMo(I)(CO)2 (for 6). In addition, the strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins with Weiss temperatures of -35.5 -28.6 K was realized between the CpMo(I)(CO)2 and the [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) units in 6 and the π-stacking {Fe(CO)4[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)}2 dimers of 5, respectively. The [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) radical anions substituted the chloride anions in Ph5CpRu(CO)2Cl to form the formally neutral compound {Ph5CpRu(II)(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(3-)]} (8) in which the negative charge and spin are preserved on [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-). The strong antiferromagnetic coupling of spins with a magnetic exchange interaction J/k(B) = -183 K in 8 is explained by the close packing of [Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-) in the π-stacked {Ph5CpRu(II)(CO)2[Sn(II)Pc(3-)](•-)}2 dimers.

Ionic compounds containing the anion of iron phthalocyanine (Fe(I)Pc)(-), {(Fe(I)Pc)(-)}·(cryptand[2,2,2]·[Na(+)])·(C(6)H(4)Cl(2)) (1), and the fullerene C(70)(-) and Fe(I)Pc(-) anions, (C(70)(-))(2)·{(Fe(I)Pc)(-)}(6)·(cryptand[2,2,2]·[Na(+)])(8)·(C(6)H(4)Cl(2))(8.65)·(C(6)H(14))(0.35) (2), were obtained as single crystals. Their crystal structures and optical and magnetic properties were analyzed. Spectra of 1 and 2 manifest intense bands in visible-NIR range at 820, 690, 555, 528, 449, 400 and 316 nm attributed to (Fe(I)Pc)(-). The four-coordinate (Fe(I)Pc)(-) anions show an EPR signal with perpendicular and parallel components at g(⊥) = 2.487 and g(‖) = 2.353 in 1 and g(⊥) = 2.328 and g(‖) = 2.230 in 2. According to magnetic measurements the (Fe(I)Pc)(-) anions have low spin (S = 1/2) state indicating d(7) configuration for the Fe(I) atoms with the odd electron on the d(z(2)) orbital. Fullerene anions form singly bonded (C(70)(-))(2) dimers in 2, the shape of which efficiently fitted with the large planar phthalocyanine anions to be surrounded completely by eight (Fe(I)Pc)(-) anions. The (C(70)(-))(2) dimers are diamagnetic and EPR silent up to 350 K. Both complexes contain channels formed by four (Fe(I)Pc)(-) planes in 1 or four (Fe(I)Pc)(-) planes and two (C(70)(-))(2) dimers in 2. The channels are occupied by double chains of alternating cryptand[2,2,2]·[Na(+)] cations and solvent C(6)H(4)Cl(2) molecules.

A molecular approach was developed to identify drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by means of biochips with oligonucleotides immobilised in polyacrylamide gel pads. The technique was based on multiplex PCR, followed by hybridisation on an oligonucleotide microarray, and detected > 95% of rifampicin-resistant and c. 80% of isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates within 12 h. In total, 220 drug-resistant isolates and 131 clinical samples were tested using biochips. The sensitivity and specificity of the developed method were comparable with those of standard bacteriological testing of M. tuberculosis drug resistance.

Radical anion salts of metal phthalocyanines (M = CuII, PbII, VIVO and SnIVCl2) with the {cryptand(Na+)} cations have been obtained and studied.

Molecular analysis of the loci of rpoB and katG genes and the inhA promoter region of 412 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates from various parts of the Russian Federation was carried out. The new MALDI-TOF MS-based method may be used for rapid and accurate monitoring of the spread of drug resistance.

{[Fe(I)Pc(-2)(-)]·(TMP(+))}·0.5C6H14 (1) and {Co(i)Pc(-2)(-)}·(TMP(+)) (2) salts containing iron(I) and cobalt(I) phthalocyanine anions and N,N,N'-trimethylpiperazinium cations (TMP(+)) have been obtained as single crystals. The TMP(+) cations coordinate to the iron(I) centers in 1 by free nitrogen atoms to form a weak N(TMP(+))-Fe bond of 2.568(3) and 2.553(3) Å length at 150 and 105 K, respectively. This is the first zwitterionic assembly containing anions and cations in one neutral coordination {[Fe(I)Pc(-2)(-)]·(TMP(+))} unit. The Fe(I)Pc(-2)(-) anions manifest strongly asymmetric EPR signals in the spectrum of 1 which can be fitted well by four components at 298 K with g1 = 2.1770, g2 = 2.1681, g3 = 2.1425 and g4 = 2.0708. The signal is attributed to the low-spin (S = 1/2) Fe(I) with the d(7) configuration. The EPR spectrum of 1 does not change qualitatively upon slow cooling from 298 down to 4 K. Quenching of the sample for seconds produces a different EPR spectrum at 4 K. This spectrum can be attributed to the frozen metastable state of Fe(I)Pc(-2)(-) which exists only at low temperatures and transfers to the spectrum observed for the slowly cooled sample above 70 K. Salt 2 contains EPR silent cobalt(I) with the d(8) configuration and in this case the TMP(+) cations do not coordinate to the cobalt(I) atoms.

Our recent data on radical anion salts of titanyl (TiIVOPc) and vanadyl (VIVOPc) phthalocyanines as well as additional new data are summarized.