A brief description of deterministic and probabilistic-statistical methods for calculation of electricity losses in the distribution networks of 6-35 kW. The optimal combination of weight deterministic and probabilistic and statistical approaches in the combined calculation of power losses by criterion of a minimum of errors.
Keywords: power losses, multimode, deterministic and stochastic methods, optimal combination.Citation: Gerasimenko A.A., Puzyrev E.V. The combined presentation of deterministic and stochastic approaches in the algorithm of calculation of energy losses in electric networks,
Improving the energy efficiency of the power grid complex is an urgent problem. The need to solve this problem is due to various technical and economic reasons. First of all, this is due to high power losses in distribution electrical networks, caused by a significant load of its elements by reactive power flows. In this regard, the development of mechanisms for active-adaptive control of reactive power is becoming increasingly important. Currently, the Smart Grid concept has become widespread in the global electric power industry. The use of these technologies allows not only to optimize power losses in distribution networks, but also to improve the efficiency of the electric grid complex. The article proposes an algorithm for optimizing the placement of compensating devices in the distribution network on the example of one of the territorial network organizations of the Kuzbass. This algorithm is based on the theory of multilevel systems using the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. The results of applying this algorithm based on the developed simulation model are presented.
The article deals with the development prospects for smart grids. An approach to optimizing the modes of electric power systems in terms of reactive power is presented in detail. The solution of this problem considers the multimodality, determination of the integral characteristics of the modes, etc. Analytical modeling of load changes by means of the method of factor analysis allows to reduce the amount of information drastically without a significant loss of the accuracy of the obtained solutions. For this purpose, the actually correlated electrical loads of various nodes of electric power systems are represented in the form of a linear combination of independent random variables, namely, generalized load graphs. It is shown that the inclusion of multimode by orthogonal graphs results in a significant simplification of the solution of multimode problems. The choice of the dependent and independent variables composition when solving the optimization problem with the power consumption modes has a fundamental effect both on the modeling of constraints, the formation of the reduced gradient and the main calculation expressions, and on the speed of the optimization search as a whole
The problem of optimal compensation of reactive loads by the criterion of the minimum loss of electric energy is considered. To solve the problem, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of the whole set of steady-state modes of the electrical system and summarize the economic estimates of the whole variety of its modes (multi-mode). The direct use of the characteristics of each mode separately leads to a sharp increase in the volume of source data and the complexity of solving the corresponding problem. Since electrical loads are random variables, it is advisable to use a statistical approach and special methods of mathematical statistics, allowing to take into account the statistical nature of a significant part of the initial information. Moreover, multimode models using the moment correlation matrix of loads were widely recognized. A compact, concise presentation of load curves and high-dimensional MCMs seems to be the most effective on the basis of factor (component) analysis. The optimization process itself is based on the reduced gradient method as the most adapted one to solving electric power problems.
At the present stage of development of Russia, the principle of protection of rights and freedoms of men and citizens is proclaimed as one of the main points that determine the activities of law enforcement agencies. The issue of compensation for harm caused by criminal act is directly related to the efficiency of the activities of the investigation, prosecution and trial. Until now, the subject of scientific debate remains both the definition of environmental damage in the criminal process, and its characteristic features, the ratio of traditional types of harm (physical, material and moral) with environmental harm. The resolution of these disputes is extremely important for determining the category of the victim in a criminal case on environmental crimes, the procedural procedure for filing a civil lawsuit, the possibility of applying other ways to protect the rights of the victim in crimes related to the violation of established norms and rules in the field of environmental safety. Thus, the question of remedying environmental damage has not gotten the limelight in theory and practice yet. This article provides a theoretical model of a procedure ensuring compensation for environmental damage caused by crime.
Based on earlier authors’ software development, a single multifunctional software complex “POTERI V1.1: SETI, REG10PVT” (hereinafter POTERI) was created, which provides accurate and reliable calculation of energy losses in electric networks with a voltage of 6–110 (220) kV. The paper presents the general structure of the POTERI software complex together with a brief description of the software modules SETI, REG10PVT, VES, RES and their performance features. The software modules and algorithms, as well as the whole complex are tested at the network enterprises of the Russian Federation
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